Water budgets of three small catchments under montane forest in Ecuador: experimental and modelling approach
Water budgets of three small catchments under montane forest in Ecuador: experimental and modelling approach
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.6212
复制
发表时间：
2006-08-15
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Knoblich, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleischbein, Katrin;Wilcke, Wolfgang;Knoblich, Klaus
森林流域的水量平衡控制着当地的供水，影响着区域的气候。为了评估人类活动对水循环的影响，我们在厄瓜多尔南部安第斯山脉东坡海拔1900-2150米的低山地森林下建立了3个类似10公顷的集水区的水量平衡。我们使用了野外水文测量，并用半分布式集水区模型TOPMODEL模拟了地表水流。我们测量了1998年5月至2002年4月期间的入射降水、穿透雨、树干径流和地表径流的小时到周分辨率，并确定了将TOPMODEL参数化所需的所有变量。在4个监测年份和3个流域中，入射降水量为2504+/-SD 123 mm，穿透降雨量为1473+/-197 mm，树干径流为25+/-2 mm Yr(-1)。雾水输入可以忽略不计。森林年平均截留损失量为1006+/-270 mm，利用TOPMODEL计算的年平均地表径流量为1039：L 48 mm。年平均蒸散量为1466+/-161 mm，如果不考虑土壤蒸发，其中32%(=471+/-162 mm)为蒸腾量。我们的研究表明，由于赤道附近强烈的太阳辐射、雾的影响较小、入射降水强度普遍较低以及额外的风生平流能量输入，流域的蒸散量很高。版权所有(C)2006 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
The water budget of forested catchments controls the local water supply and influences the regional climate. To assess the anthropogenic impact on the water cycle, we constructed a water budget for three similar to 10 ha catchments under lower montane forest on the east-facing slope of the Andes in south Ecuador at 1900-2150 m elevation. We used field hydrological measurements and modelled surface flows with TOPMODEL, a semi-distributed catchment model. We measured incident precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and surface flow between May 1998 and April 2002 in hourly to weekly resolution, and determined all variables needed to parameterise TOPMODEL. On average, of the four monitored years and three catchments, incident precipitation was 2504 +/- SD 123 mm, throughfall 1473 +/- 197 mm, and stemflow 25 +/- 2 mm yr(-1). Fog water input was negligible. Mean annual interception loss in the forest was 1006 +/- 270 mm, and mean annual surface flow, calculated with TOPMODEL in an hourly resolution was 1039:L 48 mm. The resulting mean annual evapotranspiration was 1466 +/- 161 mm of which 32% (=471 +/- 162 mm) was transpiration if evaporation from the soil was neglected. Our study catchments show a high evapotranspiration attributable to the strong solar insolation near the equator, the small impact of fog, the generally low intensity of incident precipitation and additional wind-driven advective energy input. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.