Consumption of Low-Nutrient, Energy-Dense Foods and Beverages at School, Home, and Other Locations among School Lunch Participants and Nonparticipants
Consumption of Low-Nutrient, Energy-Dense Foods and Beverages at School, Home, and Other Locations among School Lunch Participants and Nonparticipants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.064
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gleason, Philip M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Briefel, Ronette R.;Wilson, Ander;Gleason, Philip M.
背景在校园、家里和其他地方获得食物和饮料会影响儿童的饮食质量、能量摄入和肥胖风险。包括含糖饮料-通过国家学校午餐计划（NSLP）的参与者和非参与者之间的饮食位置。设计横断面研究，使用24- 2004-2005年第三次学校营养膳食评估研究的小时膳食回忆数据。主题/设置一个全国代表性的1至12年级的2,314名儿童样本，包括1,386名NSLP参与者。统计分析进行了比较，使用t检验，儿童消耗低营养、能量密集的食物和饮料的比例，平均每日能量和来自低营养、能量密集食物的能量，以及按NSLP参与状态划分的能量密度。结果在典型的上学日，儿童在24小时内消耗了527个“空卡路里”。在家里吃饭提供了最高的平均能量，来自低营养，能量密集的食物（276千卡，学校174千卡，其他地方78千卡）。NSLP参与者在学校从含糖饮料中消耗的能量比非参与者少（小学11千卡vs 39千卡，中学45千卡vs 61千卡，P < 0.01），但在中学从低营养，能量密集的固体食物中消耗的能量更多，如炸薯条和高脂肪烘焙食品（157千卡vs 127千卡，P < 0.01）。参与者不太可能在家里或其他地方消费含糖饮料或低营养，能量密集的食物。学校午餐参与者在学校的能量密度低于非参与者在学校的能量密度（P < 0.01）。能量密度是最高的消费地点远离家庭和school.Conclusions改善家庭饮食行为，其中最大比例的每日总能量和低营养，能量密集的食物消耗（特别是从含糖饮料，薯条和烘焙食品）是必要的。在学校，可以通过限制获得竞争性食品和饮料，执行强有力的学校健康政策，以及尽量减少在学校餐或点菜中提供炸薯条和类似土豆制品以及高脂肪烘焙食品的频率，来减少低营养、高能量食物的能量消耗。
Background Access to foods and beverages on school campuses, at home, and other locations affects children's diet quality, energy intake, and risk of obesity.Objectives To describe patterns of consumption of "empty calories"-low-nutrient, energy-dense foods, including sugar-sweetened beverages-by eating location among National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participants and nonparticipants.Design Cross-sectional study using 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2004-2005 third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study.Subjects/setting A nationally representative sample of 2,314 children in grades one through 12, including 1,386 NSLP participants.Statistical analyses performed Comparisons, using t tests, of the proportion of children consuming low-nutrient, energy-dense foods and beverages, mean daily energy and energy from low-nutrient, energy-dense foods, and energy density by NSLP participation status.Results On a typical school day, children consumed 527 "empty calories" during a 24-hour period. Eating at home provided the highest mean amount of energy from low-nutrient, energy-dense foods (276 kcal vs 174 kcal at school and 78 kcal at other locations). NSLP participants consumed less energy from sugar-sweetened beverages at school than nonparticipants (11 kcal vs 39 kcal in elementary schools and 45 kcal vs 61 kcal in secondary schools, P < 0.01), but more energy from low-nutrient, energy-dense solid foods such as french fries and higher-fat baked goods in secondary schools (157 kcal vs 127 kcal, P < 0.01). Participants were not more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages or low-nutrient, energy-dense foods at home or other locations. School lunch participants' consumption at school was less energy-dense than nonparticipants' consumption at school (P < 0.01). Energy density was highest for consumption at locations away from home and school.Conclusions Improving home eating behaviors, where the largest proportion of total daily and energy from low-nutrient, energy-dense foods are consumed (especially from sugar-sweetened beverages, chips, and baked goods) is warranted. At schools, consumption of energy from low-nutrient, energy-dense foods may be reduced by limiting access to competitive foods and beverages, enforcing strong school wellness policies, and minimizing the frequency of offering french fries and similar potato products and higher-fat baked goods in school meals or A la carte.