Environmental contaminants in human milk
Environmental contaminants in human milk
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500133
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wolff, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, HA;Wolff, MS
环境污染物可以储存在母亲体内，也可以通过当前的饮食、职业接触或个人习惯暂时存在。这些化学物质可以在产前转移到发育中的胎儿，或在产后从母乳转移到哺乳婴儿。通过母乳接触的量可能很大，特别是当母亲持续接触大量化学物质或身体积累了异常高的持久性化学物质负担时。多项研究表明，从母乳中获取的有机氯 (OC) 会在数年内增加儿童的身体负担。西方国家持久性有机碳残留量的下降表明，通过母乳接触的这些物质也将减少。牛奶中也存在铅、汞等重金属，但其药代动力学与OCs有很大不同。牛奶中也可以检测到持久性较低的环境物质，包括溶剂、多环芳烃、某些农药和尼古丁。关于当前使用的杀虫剂和其他最近发现的目前常见的环境物质的信息很少。流行病学研究已证实，产前和产后接触环境污染物（包括铅和有机碳）与幼儿期发育缺陷有关。因此，母乳中这些污染物的特征可以增加我们对儿童潜在环境暴露的了解。
Environmental contaminants can be stored in the mother's body or can be transiently present from current diet, occupational exposures or personal habits. These chemicals can be transferred prenatally to the developing fetus or postnatally from breast milk to the nursing infant. Exposures through breast milk can be substantial, especially when the mother has significant ongoing exposures or has accumulated an unusually high body burden of persistent chemicals. Several studies demonstrate that organochlorines (OCs) acquired from breast milk elevate a child's body burden for several years. The decline of persistent OC residues in Western countries suggests that these exposures through breast milk will also diminish. Heavy metals such as lead and mercury are also present in milk, but the pharmacokinetics are quite different from OCs. Less persistent environmental agents, including solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, certain pesticides, and nicotine, can also be detected in milk. There is little information on currently used pesticides and other more recently identified environmental agents for which exposures are common today. Epidemiologic research has established that pre- and postnatal exposures to environmental contaminants including lead and OCs are associated with developmental deficits in early childhood. Therefore, characterization of these contaminants in breast milk can add to our knowledge of potential environmental exposures among children.