Tick Abundance and Levels of Infestation on Cattle in Response to Patch Burning
Tick Abundance and Levels of Infestation on Cattle in Response to Patch Burning
复制标题
牛身上因斑块燃烧而发生的蜱虫丰度和感染水平
DOI：
10.2111/rem-d-12-00172.1
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
M. Reichard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Polito;K. Baum;M. Payton;S. Little;S. Fuhlendorf;M. Reichard
摘要斑块燃烧（PB）利用频繁的，空间上离散的火灾在整个牧场的植物群落的组成和结构的变化。这种类型的燃烧方案，除了由PB引起的牛的重点放牧引起的复杂的植被变化，应减少蜱虫种群创造不利的微生境。为了确定PB牧场上蜱虫种群是否减少，使用了三个PB处理牧场和三个对照牧场。PB草地分为6个子区，其中一个旋转燃烧每年春季和夏季。对照牧场和每个PB子区的烧伤间隔为3年。牧场拖1平方米法兰绒布面板估计蜱虫丰度为4年。(2006，2007年，2009年和2010年）。蜱虫侵染水平（即，2009年、2010年和2011年4月至10月，每月记录一次每个牧场5头小牛和3头奶牛的蜱虫负担）和体重。PB牧场和对照牧场之间的蜱虫丰度的差异并不显着，除了在2006年，当较少的成年蜱检测到PB牧场。在牛身上共观察到13609只蜱。PB牧场的动物有4 028（29.6%）蜱，而9 581（70.4%）蜱来自对照牧场的牛。 与对照牧场中的动物相比，PB牧场中动物的蜱虫负荷在6个月中有4个月显著降低。PB和对照牧场的犊牛平均日增重没有显着差异。虽然在牧场上没有检测到蜱虫丰度的差异，但PB处理牧场上牛的蜱虫负担显着减少，表明PB可用于帮助控制牧场上的蜱虫。
Abstract Patch burning (PB) uses frequent, spatially discrete fires throughout a pasture to create variation in the composition and structure of the plant community. The complex vegetation changes incurred from this type of burning regimen in addition to the focal grazing of cattle induced by PB should reduce tick populations by creating less favorable microhabitats. To determine if a reduction in tick populations occurred on PB pastures, three PB-treated pastures and three control pastures were used. PB pastures were divided into six subplots with one burned rotationally each spring and summer. Control pastures and each PB subplot had a burn interval of 3 yr. Pastures were dragged with 1-m2 flannel cloth panels to estimate tick abundance for 4 yr. (2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010). Infestation levels with ticks (i.e., tick burden) and weight for five calves and three cows per pasture were recorded once a month from April to October in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Differences in tick abundance between PB pastures and control pastures were not significant except in 2006 when fewer adult ticks were detected in PB pastures. A total of 13 609 ticks were observed on cattle. Animals on PB pastures had 4 028 (29.6%) ticks whereas 9 581 (70.4%) ticks were on cattle from control pastures. Tick burden was significantly reduced on animals in PB pastures compared to animals in control pastures in 4 out of 6 mo. Significant differences in average daily weight gain of calves in PB and control pastures were not detected. Although differences were not detected in questing tick abundance on pastures, significant reductions of tick burden on cattle in PB-treated pastures indicates that PB can be used to help control ticks in pastures.