Placenta--an alternative source of stem cells.
Placenta--an alternative source of stem cells.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.039
复制
发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Laine, Jarmo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matikainen, Tiina;Laine, Jarmo
人类干细胞的两个最有前途的实际应用是人类疾病的细胞替代疗法和候选药物分子的毒理学筛选。两者都需要人类干细胞的来源，这些干细胞可以被分离、纯化、在数量上扩增并以受控的方式分化成所选择的细胞类型。目前，研究了胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞的用途。虽然胚胎干细胞是多能的，并且可以分化成任何专门的细胞类型，但它们的使用需要使用早期植入前胚胎的内细胞团建立胚胎干细胞系。由于囊胚在这个过程中被破坏，伦理问题需要仔细考虑。胚胎干细胞的使用还受到在不诱导自发分化的情况下生长大量细胞的困难以及控制细胞定向分化的问题的限制。成体干细胞的使用，通常来自骨髓，但也来自其他组织，在伦理上没有争议，但它们的分化潜力比胚胎干细胞更有限。由于人类脐带血、脐带、胎盘和羊膜通常在出生时被丢弃，它们提供了一种容易获得的干细胞替代来源。我们回顾了来自胎盘或脐带的成体干细胞在治疗和毒理学应用中的潜力和现状。
The two most promising practical applications of human stem cells are cellular replacement therapies in human disease and toxicological screening of candidate drug molecules. Both require a source of human stem cells that can be isolated, purified, expanded in number and differentiated into the cell type of choice in a controlled manner. Currently, uses of both embryonic and adult stem cells are investigated. While embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into any specialised cell type, their use requires establishment of embryonic stem cell lines using the inner cell mass of an early pre-implantation embryo. As the blastocyst is destroyed during the process, ethical issues need to be carefully considered. The use of embryonic stem cells is also limited by the difficulties in growing large numbers of the cells without inducing spontaneous differentiation, and the problems in controlling directed differentiation of the cells. The use of adult stem cells, typically derived from bone marrow, but also from other tissues, is ethically non-controversial but their differentiation potential is more limited than that of the embryonic stem cells. Since human cord blood, umbilical cord, placenta and amnion are normally discarded at birth, they provide an easily accessible alternative source of stem cells. We review the potential and current status of the use of adult stem cells derived from the placenta or umbilical cord in therapeutic and toxicological applications.