What do people typically do between list items? The nature of attention-based mnemonic activities depends on task context.
What do people typically do between list items? The nature of attention-based mnemonic activities depends on task context.
复制标题
人们通常在列表项之间做什么？
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000625
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cowan,Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vergauwe,Evie;Ricker,TimothyJ;Langerock,Naomi;Cowan,Nelson
通常假设需要注意的后编码过程发生在紧接着对列表中的每个存储器项进行编码之后的空闲时间期间。这些过程被认为可以防止工作记忆 (WM) 中的信息丢失。我们测试了列表呈现期间的项目间暂停是否用于将注意力集中在 (a) 最后呈现的记忆项目上或 (b) 当前 WM 中的所有项目上，以及 (c) 这是否随时间变化。在这里，我们在要记住的红色字母之间呈现了黑色探测字母。参与者判断每个探测字母是否对应于最后呈现的记忆项目（最后项目匹配组）或列表中截至该点呈现的任何记忆项目（任何项目匹配组）。为了检查助记符处理随时间的变化，在三个实验中操纵了要记住的字母和后续探针之间的延迟。当探测前延迟和项目间间隔相对较短时（实验 1），观察到最后一个项目匹配组的回忆性能更好，并且这不会随着探测前延迟持续时间的函数而改变。然而，当预探测延迟和项目间间隔较长时（实验 2），不再观察到任意项目匹配指令的这种破坏性影响。实验 3 中再次发现了这种模式，表明记忆项目之间发生的需要注意的后编码过程的性质以系统的方式取决于任务上下文。结果根据先前提出的需要注意的过程进行了讨论；具体来说，就是整理和刷新。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）
It is commonly assumed that attention-demanding postencoding processes take place during the free time immediately following encoding of each memory item in a list. These processes are thought to prevent loss of information from working memory (WM). We tested whether interitem pauses during presentation of a list are used to focus attention (a) on the last-presented memory item or (b) on all items currently in WM, and (c) whether this changes over time. Here, we presented black probe letters between to-be-remembered red letters. Participants judged whether each probe letter corresponded to the last-presented memory item (last-item match group) or to any of the memory items presented up to that point in the list (any-item match group). To examine mnemonic processing as a function of time, the delay between the to-be-remembered letter and the following probe was manipulated in three experiments. When preprobe delays and interitem intervals were relatively short (Experiment 1), recall performance was observed to be better in the last-item match group and this did not change as a function of the duration of the delay before the probe. When preprobe delays and interitem intervals were longer however (Experiment 2), this disruptive effect of Any-item match instructions was no longer observed. This pattern was found again in Experiment 3 and suggests that the nature of the attention-demanding postencoding processes taking place in between memory items depends on task context in a systematic manner. The results are discussed in terms of previously proposed attention-demanding processes; specifically, consolidation and refreshing.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)