ACIDOPHILIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES - CANDIDATES FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF ACIDIC MINE EFFLUENTS
ACIDOPHILIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES - CANDIDATES FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF ACIDIC MINE EFFLUENTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0964-8305(95)00065-d
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JOHNSON, DB
矿山酸性废水（AMD）是世界上工业和后工业地区最严重的水污染之一。虽然嗜酸细菌在酸性废水发生中的重要性已被充分理解，但它们控制AMD污染的潜力却很少受到关注。高酸性、含金属环境中固有的微生物是高度多样化的，包括催化铁和硫的还原以及氧化的细菌。由于这些还原反应可以产生碱性，因此它们在AMD的生物修复中具有潜力。三价铁和硫酸盐-硫的还原被认为在人工湿地中是重要的，人工湿地被广泛用于AMD缓解，尽管嗜酸微生物在这些生态系统中的重要性目前尚不清楚。所提出的计划，用于处理AMD的描述，利用固定化的人口的铁和硫酸盐还原嗜酸菌在一系列的生物反应器。常规的化学缓解（通过添加碱和分离产生的大量三价铁污泥）也可以使用固定化的亲酸体（铁氧化剂）来促进亚铁氧化的必要步骤。讨论了利用生物制剂（如嗜酸性原生动物）控制导致AMD形成的金属动员细菌的可能性。
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most serious forms of water pollution in industrial and post-industrial areas of the world. Whilst the significance of acidophilic bacteria in the genesis of acidic effluents is well understood, their potential for controlling AMD pollution has received relatively little attention. Microorganisms indigenous to highly acidic, metalliferous environments are highly diverse, and include bacteria that catalyse the reduction, as well as the oxidation, of iron and sulphur. Since these reduction reactions can generate alkalinity, they have potential in biological remediation in AMD. Reductions of ferric iron and of sulphate-sulphur are thought to be important in constructed wetlands, which are widely used for AMD mitigation, though the importance of acidophilic microorganisms in these ecosystems is currently unknown. Proposed schemes for processing AMD are described which utilise immobilized populations of iron- and sulphate-reducing acidophilic bacteria in a series of bioreactors. Conventional chemical mitigation (via addition of alkali and separation of the bulky ferric iron sludge which is produced) may also use immobilized acidophiles (iron-oxidizers) to facilitate the necessary step of ferrous iron oxidation. The possibility of using biological agents (such as acidophilic protozoa) to control the metal-mobilizing bacteria which are responsible for the formation of AMD, is discussed.