Fruits from shade trees in coffee: how important are they?
Fruits from shade trees in coffee: how important are they?
复制标题
咖啡中遮荫树的果实：它们有多重要？
作者：
R. Rice
农林业系统经常在文献中受到关注和支持，因为它们被认为是与创造环境“森林”组成部分的树木相关的多种产品的好处。对危地马拉和秘鲁的小型咖啡种植者使用来自咖啡农林业的水果的比较表明，这些群体之间存在显着差异——不仅在于水果本身的重要性，而且在于它们的使用方式。咖啡系统中的水果的总体重要性仅占咖啡产区总价值的相对较小部分（约 10%），但各种产品的消费和销售确实为大多数农民带来了所需的收入或生计。两国水果的命运存在显着差异。无论是在农场层面还是以每公顷为单位，危地马拉咖啡农与市场经济的联系更加紧密，并且比秘鲁农民销售更多的水果。当比较水果的农场消费（使用价值）时，情况恰恰相反。虽然这些产品的潜在价值可能相当大（从 95 美元到 270 美元/公顷），但我们发现很少被消费或出售，从而导致这些来源可能带来的潜在效益的巨大损失。这两个群体损失的水果都多于出售或使用的水果，危地马拉人每公顷损失的水果价值是秘鲁人的三倍多（151 美元/公顷 vs 44 美元/公顷）。有关这些种植者和咖啡果实所在经济背景的数据揭示了为什么我们看到两国在使用和交换价值方面存在差异的可能原因。
Agroforestry systems often receive attention and support in the literature for what is perceived as the benefits from multiple products associated with the trees that create the “forest” component of the setting. A comparison of small coffee growers’ use of fruits derived from the coffee agroforestry holding in Guatemala and Peru reveals that significant differences exist between these groups—not merely in the importance of the fruits themselves, but in the ways they are used. The overall importance of fruits from the coffee system accounts for a relatively small portion of the total value coming from the coffee area (about 10%), but the consumption and sales of the various products do generate needed income or sustenance for most farmers. The fate of fruits shows significant differences between the two countries. Whether at the farm level or on a per hectare basis, Guatemalan coffee farmers are more linked into a market economy and sell significantly more fruits than Peruvian farmers. The opposite is the case when on-farm consumption (use value) of the fruits is compared. While the potential value of these products may be quite large (from $95 to $270/ha), we find that little gets consumed or sold, resulting in tremendous loss of potential benefits that could flow from these sources. Both groups lose more fruits than are sold or used, with Guatemalans foregoing more than three times the dollar value per hectare than Peruvians ($151/ha vs. $44/ha). Data about the economic context within which these growers and the fruits from coffee are found reveal possible reasons as to why we see the differences in use and exchange values realized in the two countries.