On Discourse, Communication, and (Some) Fundamental Concepts in SLA Research
On Discourse, Communication, and (Some) Fundamental Concepts in SLA Research
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论 SLA 研究中的话语、沟通和（一些）基本概念
DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-4781.1997.tb05480.x
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Wagner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Firth;J. Wagner
本文主张对第二语言习得研究进行重新定义，以扩大该领域的本体论和实证参数。我们认为，二语习得的方法论、理论和研究重点反映了语言的认知取向和心理取向以及社会取向和语境取向之间的不平衡，而前者无疑处于优势地位。这导致了对话语和交际的一种扭曲的观点，这种观点认为外语使用者是一个有缺陷的沟通者，努力克服不发达的第二语言能力，努力达到理想的母语使用者的“目标”能力。我们认为，二语习得研究需要显著提高对语言使用的语境和互动维度的认识，增加对基本概念的“主”（即参与者相关）敏感性，并拓宽传统的二语习得数据库。有了这些变化，二语习得领域有能力成为一个理论和方法上更丰富、更强大的企业，能够更好地解释第二语言或外语（S/FL）习得的过程，并更好地参与和贡献通常被认为存在于其边界之外的研究。
This article argues for a reconceptualization of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research that would enlarge the ontological and empirical parameters of the field. We claim that methodologies, theories, and foci within SLA reflect an imbalance between cognitive and mentalistic orientations, and social and contextual orientations to language, the former orientation being unquestionably in the ascendancy. This has resulted in a skewed perspective on discourse and communication, which conceives of the foreign language speaker as a deficient communicator struggling to overcome an underdeveloped L2 competence, striving to reach the “target” competence of an idealized native speaker (NS). We contend that SLA research requires a significantly enhanced awareness of the contextual and interactional dimensions of language use, an increased “emic” (i.e., participant-relevant) sensitivity towards fundamental concepts, and the broadening of the traditional SLA data base. With such changes in place, the field of SLA has the capacity to become a theoretically and methodologically richer, more robust enterprise, better able to explicate the processes of second or foreign language (S/FL) acquisition, and better situated to engage with and contribute to research commonly perceived to reside outside its boundaries.