Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in the Belgian shepherd variants Groenendael and Tervueren born in Denmark 1995-2004
Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in the Belgian shepherd variants Groenendael and Tervueren born in Denmark 1995-2004
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DOI：
10.1186/1751-0147-50-51
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发表时间：
2008-12-22
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Alban, Lis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berendt, Mette;Gullov, Christina Hedal;Alban, Lis
背景：比利时牧羊犬Groenendael和Tervueren被认为比普通人群中的狗患癫痫的风险更高。这项流行病学研究旨在评估1995至2004年间出生的丹麦Groenendael和Tervueren人口中癫痫的患病率。此外，为了描述癫痫的临床表现(癫痫发作类型和现象学)，并在狗被诊断为癫痫后确定安乐死的危险因素。方法：联系1995年1月至2004年12月出生并在丹麦养犬俱乐部登记的所有Groenendael和Tervueren狗的主人(1248只狗)，并要求他们回答关于癫痫的邮寄问卷。随后，在通过电话进行的后续访谈中，使用标准化问卷对阳性答复者进行了验证。询问主人首次发作的年龄、发作频率、发作持续时间、发作现象学的详细描述、发作后的体征以及是否有兽医诊断为癫痫。结果：癫痫的患病率估计为9.5%。首次发作癫痫的平均年龄为3.3岁(0.5~8.0岁)。Groenendael(25人)和Tervueren(24人)的人数几乎相等。女性31例，男性18例。25%经历了局灶性癫痫发作，53%经历了继发性全身发作，18%经历了原发全身性癫痫发作。4%的癫痫发作是无法分类的。最常见的局灶性癫痫现象包括共济失调、爬行、摇摆、恐惧行为、流口水、过度寻求注意力和定向障碍。在16%的病例中，癫痫导致安乐死。与患有癫痫的绝育狗相比，完整的癫痫狗因癫痫而被安乐死的风险显著增加。在22%的病例中，主人报告说焦虑/多动/压力可能是癫痫发作的诱发因素。结论：在丹麦的Groenendael和Tervueren人群中，癫痫的发病率似乎很高。在这个品种中，癫痫的首次出现年龄相对较晚，这极大地增加了癫痫患者的患病率，因为在生命后期发展为癫痫的狗被用来进行无意的繁殖。
Background: The Belgian shepherd Groenendael and Tervueren is believed to be at higher risk of developing epilepsy than dogs of the common population. This epidemiological study was designed to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in the Danish population of Groenendael and Tervueren born between 1995 and 2004. Furthermore, it was the intention to describe the clinical manifestation (seizure types and phenomenology) of epilepsy and to identify risk factors for euthanasia once the dog was diagnosed as having epilepsy.Methods: All owners of Groenendael and Tervueren dogs born between January 1995 and December 2004 and registered in the Danish Kennel Club (1,248 dogs) were contacted and asked to answer a mailed questionnaire concerning epilepsy. Positive responders were subsequently validated in a follow-up interview conducted by telephone using a standardized questionnaire. Owners were questioned about age at first seizure, seizure frequency, seizure duration, a detailed description of seizure phenomenology, post-ictal signs and if a veterinarian had diagnosed the dog with epilepsy.Results: Prevalence of epilepsy was estimated at 9.5%. Mean age of epilepsy debut was 3.3 years (range 0.5-8.0 years). There was an almost equal number of Groenendael (25) and Tervueren (24). The distribution of females and males was 31 and 18 respectively. Twenty-five per cent experienced focal seizures, 53% experienced focal seizures with secondary generalization and 18% experienced primary generalized seizures. In four percent seizures were unclassifiable. The most commonly reported focal seizure phenomenology included ataxia, crawling, swaying, fearful behavior, salivation, excessive attention seeking and disorientation. In 16% of the cases, epilepsy led to euthanasia. Intact dogs with epilepsy had a significantly increased risk of being euthanized because of epilepsy compared to neutered dogs with epilepsy. In 22% of the cases the owners reported that anxiety/hyperactivity/stress could act as a seizure provoking factor.Conclusion: A high prevalence of epilepsy appears to be present in the Danish Groenendael and Tervueren population. The relatively late debut age of epilepsy in this breed contributes greatly to the increased prevalence of epileptic individuals, because dogs developing epilepsy late in life are used for breeding unintended.