Social and environmental enrichment improves sensory and motor recovery after severe contusive spinal cord injury in the rat
Social and environmental enrichment improves sensory and motor recovery after severe contusive spinal cord injury in the rat
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2007.0327
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Eaton, Mary J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berrocal, Yerko;Pearse, Damien D.;Eaton, Mary J.
神经病理性疼痛和运动功能障碍是脊髓损伤（SCI）后的难题。社会和环境富集（SEE），它模拟了许多SCI后患者的临床康复环境，是当前调查的重点，该调查研究了多重住房和增加攀爬空间，改善寝具和爬行玩具对严重挫伤性SCI后感觉和运动恢复的影响。通过感觉测试、旷场运动行为测试、病变体积分析和在恢复期提供和不提供SEE的腰脊髓中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的定量来确定疗效。SCI后12周每周进行感觉和运动测试。SEE显著且永久地将皮肤异常性疼痛逆转至接近正常水平，但不逆转热痛觉过敏。总体运动表现（BBB [Basso，Beattie和Bresnahan]运动评分）显著改善约2分。此外，到研究结束时，BBB子量表评分显著提高了近7分。SEE还显着改善了足部旋转到正常水平，并减少了近50%的网格步行脚步误差，但对步幅或基础支撑功能障碍没有影响。与单独SCI相比，SEE通过减少空洞和增加保留的灰质和白色物质的体积，在12周时显著增加了包含损伤部位的脊髓胸段的总体积。当在受伤的腰髓中检查BDNF水平时，SEE显著地使BDNF水平恢复到接近正常。这些数据表明，在挫伤性SCI后立即使用SEE能够改善总体脊髓细胞存活率，并预防伴随挫伤性SCI的大部分感觉和运动功能障碍。
Neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction are difficult problems following spinal cord injury (SCI). Social and environmental enrichment (SEE), which models much of the clinical rehabilitation environment for post-SCI persons, is the focus of the current investigation which examines the effects of multiple-housing and the addition of climbing spaces, improved bedding and crawl toys on the sensory and motor recovery following a severe contusive SCI. Efficacy was determined with sensory testing, open-field motor behavioral testing, lesion volume analysis and quantification of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the lumbar spinal cord with and without SEE provided during the recovery period. Sensory and motor testing were performed weekly for 12 weeks following SCI. SEE significantly and permanently reversed cutaneous allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia, to near normal levels. The gross locomotor performance (BBB [Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan] motor scores) significantly improved about two points. In addition, the BBB subscale scores were significantly improved nearly seven points by the end of the study. SEE also significantly improved foot rotation to normal levels and reduced gridwalk footfall errors nearly 50%, but had no effect on stride length or base of support dysfunctions. SEE significantly increased the total volume of a thoracic segment of cord encompassing the injury site at 12 weeks, by reducing cavitation and increasing both the volume of grey and white matter spared, compared to SCI alone. When BDNF levels were examined in the injured lumbar spinal cord, SEE significantly returned BDNF levels to near-normal. These data suggest that immediate use of SEE after contusive SCI is able to improve overall spinal cell survival and prevent much of the sensory and motor dysfunction that accompanies contusive SCI.