Origin of Microglia: Current Concepts and Past Controversies
Origin of Microglia: Current Concepts and Past Controversies
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a020537
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Prinz, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ginhoux, Florent;Prinz, Marco
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞，其紧邻神经结构并且密切参与脑内稳态。小胶质细胞群体在神经元的扩展和分化以及突触回路的围产期建立中也起着重要作用。正常大脑环境的任何变化都会导致小胶质细胞活化，如果不适当调节，这可能是有害的。异常的小胶质细胞功能与几种神经和精神疾病的发展有关。然而，小胶质细胞也具有强大的免疫调节和再生能力，使其成为治疗操作的有吸引力的靶点。然而，这种理性操纵需要深入了解它们的起源和它们体内平衡的分子机制。在这里，我们讨论的最新进展，我们的起源，分化和稳态的小胶质细胞和他们的亲属在中枢神经系统的骨髓单核细胞的理解。
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), which sit in close proximity to neural structures and are intimately involved in brain homeostasis. The microglial population also plays fundamental roles during neuronal expansion and differentiation, as well as in the perinatal establishment of synaptic circuits. Any change in the normal brain environment results in microglial activation, which can be detrimental if not appropriately regulated. Aberrant microglial function has been linked to the development of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, microglia also possess potent immunoregulatory and regenerative capacities, making them attractive targets for therapeutic manipulation. Such rationale manipulations will, however, require in-depth knowledge of their origins and the molecular mechanisms underlying their homeostasis. Here, we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of the origin, differentiation, and homeostasis of microglial cells and their myelomonocytic relatives in the CNS.