Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology.
Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.6709.2
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pretorius E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kell D;Potgieter M;Pretorius E
对于细菌来说，复制主要涉及通过二分裂的生长。然而，在许多自然环境中，存在表型休眠的非生长细胞的实例，其不立即复制，并且在通常允许其生长的培养基上表型“不可培养”。因此，它们逃避了传统的基于培养的方法的检测。这种休眠细胞也可以在实验室培养物和临床微生物学中观察到。它们通常对抗生素等应激更耐受，在临床微生物学中，它们通常被称为“持久性”。细菌培养物必然具有很大的相关性，而包容性适应性理论意味着，在与其平均值相比的增长率变化中存在概念上的进化优势，相当于对冲赌注。有很多证据表明，细菌广泛利用这种策略。我们在这里汇集了数据，显示了这些现象在环境，实验室和临床微生物学中的共性。大量证据，使用与环境微生物学中常见的方法类似的方法，现在表明，许多被认为是非传染性、慢性和炎症性疾病，由于休眠或持久性细菌的存在而加剧（如果不是实际上主要原因的话）（其成分引起炎症的能力是众所周知的）。这种休眠（以及由此复苏）通常反映了游离铁的可用性程度。总之，这些现象可以为这些慢性疾病常见的持续炎症及其与铁失调的相关性提供现成的解释。这意味着，旨在评估和抑制或消除这些生物体（或其获得铁）的措施可能具有很大的治疗益处。
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically ‘nonculturable’ on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as ‘persisters’. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one’s bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.