Globalization and Localization: An Economic Approach
Globalization and Localization: An Economic Approach
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全球化与本地化：一种经济方法
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-32353-4_9
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Albala
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Albala
本章的目的是从经济角度评估实际全球化可能影响灾害脆弱性的方式。我们通过提出灾害局部化的经济学概念来探讨这一问题。它首先表明，一个局部的灾难是不太可能影响宏观经济在任何重大的方式。此外，发展往往使所有灾害成为其内在和外在过程的附带后果。直接受灾害影响的人民和活动仍可能面临严重困难，但在一体化、多元化和总体发展水平较高的国家，这些困难可能不那么严重，而且可以更快地得到抵消。也就是说，随着经济复原力和经济灾害限制的提高，灾害脆弱性必然会降低。然而，当前全球化对脆弱性的影响似乎是双刃剑。一方面，全球化有可能通过帮助提高地方化程度而加速降低国家一级的脆弱性。然而，另一方面，至少在短期和中期内，全球化可能会使社区和个人失去权利，并增加新的经济不稳定因素，从而增加地方一级的脆弱性。全球化是否有助于灾害本地化进程？当前的全球化是否有利于可能直接受到潜在灾害影响的人民和活动？换句话说，我们研究的是实际全球化的主要经济特征可能在国家和地方两级影响灾害脆弱性的方式。
The aim of this chapter is to assess, from an economic perspective, ways in which actual globalization is likely to affect disaster vulnerability. We approach the issue by putting forward an economic concept of disaster localization. It is first shown that a localized disaster is unlikely to affect the macroeconomy in any significant way. In addition, development tends to make all disasters localized as an incidental consequence of its endogenous and exogenous processes. The people and activities directly affected by a disaster may still undergo severe difficulties, but these are likely to be less intense and more rapidly counteracted in countries with higher levels of integration, diversification, and general development. That is, as economic resilience and economic disaster confinement increase, disaster vulnerability is bound to decrease. However, the effect of current globalization on vulnerability seems to be double edged. On the one hand, globalization is likely to speed up the downgrading of vulnerability at the national level by helping to upgrade localization. On the other, however, at least in the short and medium terms, globalization may increase vulnerability at the local level by disenfranchising communities and individuals as well as adding new sources of economic instability. Does globalization help the process of disaster localization? Is current globalization beneficial for the people and activities that can be directly affected by a potential disaster? In other words, we look at the ways in which the main economic features of actual globalization might affect disaster vulnerability, at national and local levels.1