Generating political commitment for ending malnutrition in all its forms: A system dynamics approach for strengthening nutrition actor networks
Generating political commitment for ending malnutrition in all its forms: A system dynamics approach for strengthening nutrition actor networks
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.12871
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Lawrence, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baker, Phillip;Brown, Andrew D.;Lawrence, Mark
为消除一切形式的营养不良做出政治承诺是全球营养界面临的一项关键挑战。没有承诺，改善营养所需的政策、计划和资源就不可能被采纳、有效实施或持续。承诺的一个基本驱动力是营养行动者网络的有效性，这是一个由在特定国家开展活动的个人和组织组成的网络，他们在改善营养方面有着共同的利益，并为此采取集体行动。为加强NAN有效性提供新的思维和行动，我们使用系统动力学理论方法和文献综述来构建政治承诺和NAN有效性的初始因果循环图（CLD），以及涉及专家研讨会的定性组模型构建（GMB）方法来加强模型有效性。首先，“营养承诺系统”地方发展中心展示了五种相互关联的承诺形式-口头的、体制的、操作的、嵌入的和全系统的-如何随着时间的推移动态地相互加强或削弱。第二，我们提出CLDs展示NAN有效性的形成因素分为三类：演员特征，资源和能力;制定战略，证据和规范;和制度，政治和社会背景。这些模型共同提出了关于今后如何加强政治承诺和NAN有效性的假设，并可能为针对具体国家的对话提供潜在的起点。
Generating political commitment for ending all forms of malnutrition represents a key challenge for the global nutrition community. Without commitment, the policies, programs, and resources needed to improve nutrition are unlikely to be adopted, effectively implemented, nor sustained. One essential driver of commitment is nutrition actor network (NAN) effectiveness, the web of individuals and organizations operating within a given country who share a common interest in improving nutrition and who act collectively to do so. To inform new thinking and action towards strengthening NAN effectiveness, we use a systems dynamics theoretical approach and literature review to build initial causal loop diagrams (CLDs) of political commitment and NAN effectiveness and a qualitative group model building (GMB) method involving an expert workshop to strengthen model validity. First, a "nutrition commitment system" CLD demonstrates how five interrelated forms of commitment-rhetorical, institutional, operational, embedded, and system-wide-can dynamically reinforce or diminish one another over time. Second, we present CLDs demonstrating factors shaping NAN effectiveness organized into three categories: actor features, resources, and capacities; framing strategies, evidence, and norms; and institutional, political, and societal contexts. Together, these models generate hypotheses on how political commitment and NAN effectiveness could be strengthened in future and may provide potential starting points for country-specific conversations for doing so.