The real and the nominal? Making inflationary adjustments to cost and other economic data
The real and the nominal? Making inflationary adjustments to cost and other economic data
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DOI：
10.1093/heapol/15.2.230
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kumaranayake, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumaranayake, L
鉴于卫生干预措施成本数据的缺乏，人们大量使用数量相对较少的现有研究来支持政策制定。针对具体干预措施的成本和成本效益数据已用于规划总体预算、评估不同干预措施的相对效率并考虑地方和国家层面方案实施的资源需求。对这些研究与世界银行《1993 年世界发展报告》等一般来源进行了成本和成本效益比较。同时，关于关键卫生部门变量（例如年度卫生支出）的信息已经系统地编制了二十多年。随着这些数字所依据的原始数据的年龄增长，可能的通货膨胀影响问题变得越来越重要。例如，20 世纪 80 年代中期的成本数据需要进行 60% 的通货膨胀调整，才能维持其以当前美元计算的实际价值。本文研究了调整成本数据以考虑通货膨胀的方法，并讨论了实际值或恒定值与名义值或当前值之间的差异。这些方法还用于对收入等其他类型的经济数据进行通货膨胀调整。
Given the scarcity of cost data for health interventions, there has been substantial use of a relatively small number of existing studies to underpin policy development formulation. Intervention-specific cost and cost-effectiveness data have been used to plan overall budgets, to assess the relative efficiency of different interventions and to consider the resource requirements for programme implementation at both the local and national levels. Cost and cost-effectiveness comparisons have been made between these studies and general sources such as the World Bank's World Development Report 1993. At the same time, information on key health sector variables, such as annual health expenditures, has been systematically compiled for more than two decades. The question of possible inflationary effects is becoming increasingly important as the original data on which these numbers are based ages. For example, cost figures from the mid-1980s require a 60% inflationary adjustment simply to maintain their real value in current dollars. This paper looks at methods to adjust cost data to account for inflation and discusses the difference between real or constant and nominal or current values. These methods are also used to make inflationary adjustments to other types of economic data such as income.