Sequestration of solid carbon in concrete: A large-scale enabler of lower-carbon intensity hydrogen from natural gas
Sequestration of solid carbon in concrete: A large-scale enabler of lower-carbon intensity hydrogen from natural gas
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DOI：
10.1557/s43577-021-00118-z
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Jiaqi Li;L. Spanu;Jeffrey Heo;Wenxin Zhang;David W. Gardner;C. Carraro;R. Maboudian;P. Monteiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiaqi Li;L. Spanu;Jeffrey Heo;Wenxin Zhang;David W. Gardner;C. Carraro;R. Maboudian;P. Monteiro
甲烷热解是一种新兴的技术，可以大规模生产低碳强度的氢气，只要共同产生的固体碳被永久捕获。用热解碳部分取代波特兰水泥将允许以匹配H2工业需求的规模进行封存。我们的研究结果表明，抗压强度，最关键的机械性能，混合水泥，甚至可以提高，而水泥生产，这有助于约9%的全球人为二氧化碳排放量，可以脱碳。通过包含选定的碳形态，可以实现水泥生产中高达10%的CO2减排，而不需要大量的资本投资和对当前生产工艺的根本性修改。在相同的替代水平下，使用固体碳比在混凝土中使用传统工业废物具有更高的二氧化碳减排潜力。通过这种方法，混凝土行业可以成为在双赢解决方案中制造低碳强度氢气的推动者。甲烷热解是一种可升级的技术，其产生氢气作为较低碳强度的能量载体和工业原料。如果联产的固体碳（每年可能有数亿吨）具有增值应用，这项技术可以吸引更多的低碳强度氢气投资。固体碳可以永久储存在混凝土中，这是全球第二大使用商品。为了理解这种碳储存策略的可行性，在我们的研究中，高达10重量%的波特兰水泥被盘状或纤维状碳取代。掺入5%和10%的纤维状碳使水泥基材料的抗压强度分别增加至少20%和16%，而盘状碳对抗压强度几乎没有有益的影响。我们在气候变化类别中的生命周期评估结果表明，用固体碳替代10%的水泥可以降低水泥生产温室气体排放量的10%，水泥生产目前是世界上第二大工业排放源。固体碳在混凝土中的应用可以补充水泥替代低碳混凝土的巨大需求，降低低碳制氢的成本。这种大量可用的低成本固体碳将在混凝土研究和工业应用中创造许多新的机会。
Methane pyrolysis is an emerging technology to produce lower-carbon intensity hydrogen at scale, as long as the co-produced solid carbon is permanently captured. Partially replacing Portland cement with pyrolytic carbon would allow the sequestration at a scale that matches the needs of the H2 industry. Our results suggest that compressive strength, the most critical mechanical property, of blended cement could even be improved while the cement manufacture, which contributes to ~ 9% global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, can be decarbonized. A CO2 abatement up to 10% of cement production could be achieved with the inclusion of selected carbon morphologies, without the need of significant capital investment and radical modification of current production processes. The use of solid carbon could have a higher CO2 abatement potential than the incorporation of conventional industrial wastes used in concrete at the same replacement level. With this approach, the concrete industry could become an enabler for manufacturing a lower-carbon intensity hydrogen in a win–win solution. Methane pyrolysis is an up-scalable technology that produces hydrogen as a lower carbon-intensity energy carrier and industrial feedstock. This technology can attract more investment for lower-carbon intensity hydrogen if co-produced solid carbon (potentially hundreds of million tons per year) has value-added applications. The solid carbon can be permanently stored in concrete, the second most used commodity worldwide. To understand the feasibility of this carbon storage strategy, up to 10 wt% of Portland cement is replaced with disk-like or fibrillar carbon in our study. The incorporation of 5% and 10% fibrillar carbons increase the compressive strength of the cement-based materials by at least 20% and 16%, respectively, while disk-like carbons have little beneficial effects on the compressive strength. Our life-cycle assessment in climate change category results suggest that the 10% cement replacement with the solid carbon can lower ~10% of greenhouse gas emissions of cement production, which is currently the second-largest industrial emitter in the world. The use of solid carbon in concrete can supplement the enormous demand for cement substitute for low-carbon concrete and lower the cost of the low-carbon hydrogen production. This massively available low-cost solid carbon would create numerous new opportunities in concrete research and the industrial applications.