A threat from both sides: Multiple introductions of genetically distinct H5 HPAI viruses into Canada via both East Asia-Australasia/Pacific and Atlantic flyways
A threat from both sides: Multiple introductions of genetically distinct H5 HPAI viruses into Canada via both East Asia-Australasia/Pacific and Atlantic flyways
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DOI：
10.1093/ve/veac077
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发表时间：
2022-09-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Berhane, Yohannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alkie, Tamiru N.;Lopes, Sara;Berhane, Yohannes
2016年至2020年，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5病毒在亚洲、欧洲和非洲传播，造成数百万野生和家禽感染浪潮和死亡，并存在人畜共患风险。 2021 年底，从加拿大的家禽中分离出 H5N1 HPAI 病毒，并回顾性地从大黑背鸥 (Larus marinus) 中分离出 H5N1 HPAI 病毒，这引发了人们的担忧，即这些病毒向北美的传播是由候鸟野生鸟类种群介导的。 2022 年 2 月和 4 月，从加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的秃鹰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）和肉鸡中分离出 H5N1 HPAI 病毒。系统发育分析表明，来自秃鹰的病毒与2022年1月在日本北海道分离的H5N1 HPAI病毒有遗传相关性。从肉鸡中鉴定出的病毒是一种重配的H5N1 HPAI病毒，其独特的星座基因组片段包含来自北美谱系LPAI病毒的PB2和NP，其余基因片段与11月和11月检测到的原始类纽芬兰H5N1 HPAI病毒有遗传相关性。 2021 年 12 月在加拿大。这是 H5 HPAI 病毒从太平洋和北大西洋相连的飞行路线传入北美的第一份报告，并强调了从不同地理位置引入基因不同的病毒的风险不断扩大，以及与野生鸟类中的美洲谱系 LPAI 病毒以及与亚洲和欧洲类似的 H5 HPAI 病毒进行局部重配的可能性。我们还报告了每个片段中存在一些氨基酸替换，这可能有助于这些病毒在哺乳动物宿主中的复制效率，逃避适应性免疫，并构成潜在的人畜共患风险。
From 2016 to 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses circulated in Asia, Europe, and Africa, causing waves of infections and the deaths of millions of wild and domestic birds and presenting a zoonotic risk. In late 2021, H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated from poultry in Canada and also retrospectively from a great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), raising concerns that the spread of these viruses to North America was mediated by migratory wild bird populations. In February and April 2022, H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and broiler chickens in British Columbia, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus from bald eagle was genetically related to H5N1 HPAI virus isolated in Hokkaido, Japan, in January 2022. The virus identified from broiler chickens was a reassortant H5N1 HPAI virus with unique constellation genome segments containing PB2 and NP from North American lineage LPAI viruses, and the remaining gene segments were genetically related to the original Newfoundland-like H5N1 HPAI viruses detected in November and December 2021 in Canada. This is the first report of H5 HPAI viruses' introduction to North America from the Pacific and the North Atlantic-linked flyways and highlights the expanding risk of genetically distinct virus introductions from different geographical locations and the potential for local reassortment with both the American lineage LPAI viruses in wild birds and with both Asian-like and European-like H5 HPAI viruses. We also report the presence of some amino acid substitutions across each segment that might contribute to the replicative efficiency of these viruses in mammalian host, evade adaptive immunity, and pose a potential zoonotic risk.