Mapping pavlovian conditioning effects on the brain: Blocking, contiguity, and excitatory effects
Mapping pavlovian conditioning effects on the brain: Blocking, contiguity, and excitatory effects
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.809
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Lima, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, D;Gonzalez-Lima, F
用氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）放射自显影技术研究了巴甫洛夫条件反射对大脑的影响。研究的目的是在阻断或引发条件性情绪反应（CER）后，绘制相同音调的效果。在音调受阻组中，之前对灯光的了解阻止了对音调的CER。在音调-兴奋子组中，相同的音调与电击US的配对导致了在没有先前关于光的学习的情况下对音调的CER。第三组显示没有CER后，伪随机介绍这些刺激。参与巴甫洛夫条件反射的各种关联效应的脑系统被确定，其功能意义被解释在以前的FDG研究。三个条件作用映射：1）阻断效应：FDG摄取在内侧前额叶皮层较低，在三叉神经脊束核和楔束核的音调阻断组相对于音调兴奋剂组较高。2)邻接效应：相对于伪随机对照组，在听觉区域（下丘和皮层）、海马（CA 1）、小脑、尾壳核和孤核中发现了类似的音调阻断组和兴奋剂组的FDG摄取增加。邻接效应可能是由于音调-休克配对常见的音调阻断和-兴奋组，而不是他们不同的CER。（3）兴奋作用：FDG摄取的增加仅限于紧张性兴奋剂组发生在与CER相关的回路中，包括岛叶和前扣带回皮质、垂直斜角带核、下丘脑前部和尾腹侧尾壳核。这项研究提供了第一个大规模的大脑区域地图，这些区域是卡敏阻断条件反射效应的基础。特别是，结果表明，抑制前额叶活动和激活的非条件刺激通路的重要神经基板的卡敏阻断效应。
Pavlovian conditioning effects on the brain were investigated by mapping rat brain activity with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) autoradiography. The goal was to map the effects of the same tone after blocking or eliciting a conditioned emotional response (CER). In the tone-blocked group, previous learning about a light blocked a CER to the tone. In the tone-excitor group, the same pairings of tone with shock US resulted in a CER to the tone in the absence of previous learning about the light. A third group showed no CER after pseudorandom presentations of these stimuli. Brain systems involved in the various associative effects of Pavlovian conditioning were identified, and their functional significance was interpreted in light of previous FDG studies. Three conditioning effects were mapped: 1) blocking effects: FDG uptake was lower in medial prefrontal cortex and higher in spinal trigeminal and cuneate nuclei in the tone-blocked group relative to the tone-excitor group. 2) Contiguity effects: relative to pseudorandom controls, similar FDG uptake increases in the tone-blocked and -excitor groups were found in auditory regions (inferior colliculus and cortex), hippocampus (CA1), cerebellum, caudate putamen, and solitary nucleus. Contiguity effects may be due to tone-shock pairings common to the tone-blocked and -excitor groups rather than their different CER. And 3) excitatory effects: FDG uptake increases limited to the tone-excitor group occurred in a circuit linked to the CER, including insular and anterior cingulate cortex, vertical diagonal band nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, and caudoventral caudate putamen. This study provided the first large-scale map of brain regions underlying the Kamin blocking effect on conditioning. In particular, the results suggest that suppression of prefrontal activity and activation of unconditioned stimulus pathways are important neural substrates of the Kamin blocking effect.