Managing ambiguity in reference generation: the role of surface structure.
Managing ambiguity in reference generation: the role of surface structure.
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管理参考生成中的歧义：表面结构的作用。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01167.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Khan IH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan IH
本文探讨了表层歧义在指称表达中的作用，以及如何在生成指称表达的算法中考虑这种歧义的风险，如果这些表达对听话人来说是最有效的。我们关注的是形容词出现在并列结构中时出现的歧义。其核心思想是使用有关词汇共现的统计信息来估计一个短语的哪种解释最有可能为人类读者所用，并避免产生可能产生误解的短语。这个问题的不同方面通过三个实验进行了探索，在这些实验中，人类参与者的反应提供了证据，表明哪些短语最有可能阅读某些短语，哪些短语被认为最适合特定的参照物，以及各种短语的阅读速度。我们发现人们更倾向于表达“清晰”而不是“不清楚”，但如果有几个表达是“清楚的”，那么简短的表达比非简短的表达更受欢迎，尽管简短的表达在句法上是模棱两可的，而非简短的表达则不是；清晰的概念通过基尔加里夫的单词草图得到了精确的表达。我们概述了一个实现的算法，该算法生成符合我们的假设的名词短语。
This article explores the role of surface ambiguities in referring expressions, and how the risk of such ambiguities should be taken into account by an algorithm that generates referring expressions, if these expressions are to be optimally effective for a hearer. We focus on the ambiguities that arise when adjectives occur in coordinated structures. The central idea is to use statistical information about lexical co‐occurrence to estimate which interpretation of a phrase is most likely for human readers, and to avoid generating phrases where misunderstandings are likely. Various aspects of the problem were explored in three experiments in which responses by human participants provided evidence about which reading was most likely for certain phrases, which phrases were deemed most suitable for particular referents, and the speed at which various phrases were read. We found a preference for ‘‘clear’’ expressions to ‘‘unclear’’ ones, but if several of the expressions are ‘‘clear,’’ then brief expressions are preferred over non‐brief ones even though the brief ones are syntactically ambiguous and the non‐brief ones are not; the notion of clarity was made precise using Kilgarriff's Word Sketches. We outline an implemented algorithm that generates noun phrases conforming to our hypotheses.