Comparing fish communities in sanctuaries, partly protected areas and open-access reefs in South-East Africa
Comparing fish communities in sanctuaries, partly protected areas and open-access reefs in South-East Africa
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DOI：
10.2989/1814232x.2012.709963
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Branch, G. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Currie, J. C.;Sink, K. J.;Branch, G. M.
在莫桑比克和南非东部的近海珊瑚礁上通过目测普查对鱼类进行了调查，以比较(a)完全受保护的“避难所”区域，(b)允许休闲潜水和有限捕鱼的“部分受保护”区域，以及(c)“开放”不受保护的区域。珊瑚为主的珊瑚礁和主要由藻类和海绵覆盖的珊瑚礁之间的群落组成不同，但不同处理之间没有差异。与受保护和保护区相比，未受保护地区的大型班级明显减少。在以珊瑚为主的珊瑚礁内，指示类群的丰度表现出3种模式：(1)保护区丰度最高，部分保护区中等，开放区最少；(2)在保护区数量最多，但在部分保护和开放地区数量同样减少；(3)与保护区或开放地区相比，部分保护区的资源消耗更大。我们的结论是，部分保护区并不能有效地保护珊瑚礁鱼类，而且有迹象表明，部分保护区的捕捞精力集中在“远洋”野味鱼上。受制裁的岸上垂钓和近海“猎钓”、非法捕鱼和潜水员干扰可能共同破坏部分保护区的效力。保护区内珊瑚鱼种类的枯竭和对远洋猎鱼分类的重新考虑需要管理部门的注意。莫桑比克的部分保护区需要建立禁渔区。
Fish were surveyed by visual census on offshore reefs in Mozambique and eastern South Africa to compare (a) fully-protected 'sanctuary' areas, (b) 'partly protected' areas where recreational diving and limited fishing are permitted, and (c) 'open' unprotected areas. Community composition differed between coral-dominated reefs and those covered mainly by algae and sponges, but not among treatments. Larger size classes were significantly diminished in unprotected areas compared to protected and sanctuary zones. Within coral-dominated reefs, abundances of indicator taxa showed three patterns: (1) greatest abundance in sanctuaries, intermediate in partly protected and least in open areas; (2) greatest abundance in sanctuaries but equal diminishment in partly protected and open areas; and (3) greater depletion in partly protected than either sanctuary or open areas. We conclude that partial protection does not effectively conserve reef fish, and there are indications that partly protected areas concentrate fishing effort on 'pelagic' gamefish. Sanctioned shore-angling and offshore 'gamefishing', illegal fishing and diver disturbance may collectively undermine the efficacy of partially protected areas. The depletion of reef fish species inside protected areas and reconsideration of the classification of pelagic gamefish require managerial attention. Partly protected areas in Mozambique need to be supplemented with no-take zones.