The ubiquity of frequency effects in first language acquisition.
The ubiquity of frequency effects in first language acquisition.
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DOI：
10.1017/s030500091400049x
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Theakston AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ambridge B;Kidd E;Rowland CF;Theakston AL
这篇综述文章为频率效应在儿童第一语言习得中普遍存在的说法提供了证据，因此构成了一种任何成功的解释都必须解释的现象。本文围绕四个关键研究领域进行组织：儿童单字习得、屈折形态、简单句法结构和更高级的结构。在提出这一证据时，我们提出了五个论点。(1)频率效应存在不同类型，既有具体词汇串层面的效应，也有抽象线索、主题角色分配层面的效应，以及符号和类型、绝对频率和相对频率的效应。高频形式是（ii）早期获得的，（iii）在它们是目标的环境中防止错误，但也（iv）在与之竞争的低频形式是目标的环境中导致错误。(v)频率效应与其他因素（如序列位置、话语长度）相互作用，这些相互作用的模式通常与学习机制的性质有关。我们的结论是，任何成功的语言习得理论，无论从什么理论角度来看，都必须对频率敏感，以至于它可以解释本综述中记录的影响，并概述了一些符合和不符合这一标准的描述类型。
This review article presents evidence for the claim that frequency effects are pervasive in children's first language acquisition, and hence constitute a phenomenon that any successful account must explain. The article is organized around four key domains of research: children's acquisition of single words, inflectional morphology, simple syntactic constructions, and more advanced constructions. In presenting this evidence, we develop five theses. (i) There exist different types of frequency effect, from effects at the level of concrete lexical strings to effects at the level of abstract cues to thematic-role assignment, as well as effects of both token and type, and absolute and relative, frequency. High-frequency forms are (ii) early acquired and (iii) prevent errors in contexts where they are the target, but also (iv) cause errors in contexts in which a competing lower-frequency form is the target. (v) Frequency effects interact with other factors (e.g. serial position, utterance length), and the patterning of these interactions is generally informative with regard to the nature of the learning mechanism. We conclude by arguing that any successful account of language acquisition, from whatever theoretical standpoint, must be frequency sensitive to the extent that it can explain the effects documented in this review, and outline some types of account that do and do not meet this criterion.