Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Levin, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Melina, Vesanto;Craig, Winston;Levin, Susan
营养与饮食学会的立场是，适当计划的素食，包括纯素食，饮食是健康的，营养充足的，并可能为预防和治疗某些疾病提供健康益处。这些饮食适合生命周期的所有阶段，包括怀孕，哺乳，婴儿，儿童，青少年，老年人和运动员。以植物为基础的饮食比富含动物产品的饮食更具有环境可持续性，因为它们使用的自然资源更少，对环境的破坏也更小。素食者和纯素食者患某些健康状况的风险较低，包括缺血性心脏病、2型糖尿病、高血压、某些类型的癌症和肥胖。低饱和脂肪摄入量和高摄入量的蔬菜，水果，全谷物，豆类，豆制品，坚果和种子（都富含纤维和植物化学物质）是素食和纯素饮食的特点，可以降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，并更好地控制血糖。这些因素有助于减少慢性疾病。素食者需要可靠的维生素B-12来源，如强化食品或补充剂。
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that appropriately planned vegetarian, including vegan, diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. These diets are appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood, and for athletes. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than diets rich in animal products because they use fewer natural resources and are associated with much less environmental damage. Vegetarians and vegans are at reduced risk of certain health conditions, including ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain types of cancer, and obesity. Low intake of saturated fat and high intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, soy products, nuts, and seeds (all rich in fiber and phytochemicals) are characteristics of vegetarian and vegan diets that produce lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and better serum glucose control. These factors contribute to reduction of chronic disease. Vegans need reliable sources of vitamin B-12, such as fortified foods or supplements.