A Philosophy of Engineering Design
A Philosophy of Engineering Design
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工程设计哲学
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_14
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Asimov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Asimov
工程设计是一种有目的的活动，旨在满足人类的需求，特别是那些可以通过我们文化中的技术因素来满足的需求。这些需求的满足并不是工程设计所独有的，它是许多hlL的共同点。“'l1 an活动.为他人的需要服务而谋生是现代社会环境的主要特征之一。设计师通常不会生产出能立即满足消费者需求的商品或服务。相反，他生产的模型被用作模板，用于根据需要多次复制特定的商品或服务。设计可以是墙纸上的图案，也可以是时尚界的服装图案。如果生产者相信复制品会满足足够数量的客户，那么产品或服务的生产可能会随之而来。在生产过程中，生产者在制造任何复制品时所犯的错误都可能导致拒绝;但设计上的错误，在所有复制品中重复，可能导致严重的经济灾难。因此，设计师的责任是巨大的。作为一个专业，工程主要是与设计有关。工程设计的目标与其他设计活动的目标的区别在于技术因素必须在多大程度上有助于实现这些目标。每一个最终导致设计师概念的物理体现的设计活动都必须使用一些技术因素。关键是操纵和应用这些因素所需的复杂程度，以及对基本物理现象的充分理解所必需的程度。因此，雕塑家，谁产生他的设计在大理石或青铜，主要是关心的审美因素的形式，形状和纹理。他很可能意识到他的媒介的技术行为;但这不是他的主要关注点。他只知道，
Engineering design is a purposeful activity directed toward the goal of fulfilling human needs, particularly those which can be met by the technological factors of our culture. The satisfaction of these needs is not peculiar to engineering design; it is common to much of hlL."'l1an activity. Earning a li ving by serving the requirements of others is one of the chief characteristics of the modern social environment. A designer does not usually produce the goods or services which immediately satisfy a consumer's needs. Rather, he produces the model which is used as a template for replicating the particular good or service as many times as is required. A design may be of a pattern on wall paper or of a garment in the world of fashion. If the producer believes that a sufficient number of customers will be satisfied by replicas, then production of the item or service may follow. In the course of production an error made by the producer in fabricating anyone replica may lead to a rejection; but an error in design, repeated in all replicas, may lead to an economic misadventure of serious proportions. The designer's responsibility is therefore large.As a profession, Engineering is largely concerned with design. What distinguishes the objects of engineering design from those of other design activities is the extent to which technological factors must contribute to their achievement. Every design activity that finally leads to a physical embodiment of the designer's conception must perforce make some use of technical factors. The key is the level of sophistication required in the manipulation and application of these factors and the extent to which a well-developed understanding of the underlying physical phenomena is necessary. Thus the sculptor, who produces his design in marble or bronze, is principally concerned with the aesthetic factors of form, shape, and texture. He is most likely aware of the technical behavior of his medium; but this is not his primary concern. It is sufficient for him to know as