Glycerol Monolaurate Antibacterial Activity in Broth and Biofilm Cultures
Glycerol Monolaurate Antibacterial Activity in Broth and Biofilm Cultures
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0040350
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发表时间：
2012-07-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Peterson, Marnie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schlievert, Patrick M.;Peterson, Marnie L.
背景：单月桂酸甘油(GML)是一种抗菌剂，对革兰氏阳性菌有很强的抗菌活性。这项研究检验了GML在肉汤培养物中与月桂酸的抗菌活性，与生物膜培养物的比较，以及对广泛的革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性和非革兰氏染色细菌的抗菌活性。方法/主要发现：在肉汤培养物中，GML对金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌的杀菌活性是月桂酸的200倍，定义为a=3个菌落形成单位(CFU)/ml的对数减少。这两种分子都在不杀菌的浓度下抑制这些生物产生超抗原。金黄色葡萄球菌和流感嗜血杆菌作为革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的代表菌，GML可防止生物被膜的形成，并在96孔微量平板上进行试验，同时对成熟生物膜中的这两种微生物具有杀菌作用。除铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌科外，GML对多种潜在的细菌病原体都有杀菌作用。在酸性pH和阳离子螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸存在下，GML对铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌科细菌有较强的杀菌作用。GML在非水递送载体中的增溶作用(与K-Y升温(R)有关)增强了其对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌活性。GML的R和S以及1位和2位月桂酸衍生物均具有杀菌活性。尽管金黄色葡萄球菌对GML的亚生长抑制浓度(0.5倍最低杀菌浓度)已传代一年，但仍未产生对GML的耐药性。结论/意义：GML可能是一种广谱的人或动物局部杀菌剂，也可能是一种环境表面杀菌剂，用于控制细菌感染和污染。
Background: Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an antimicrobial agent that has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. This study examines GML antibacterial activity in comparison to lauric acid, in broth cultures compared to biofilm cultures, and against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and non-gram staining bacteria.Methodology/Principal Findings: GML is >= 200 times more effective than lauric acid in bactericidal activity, defined as a >= 3 log reduction in colony-forming units (CFU)/ml, against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in broth cultures. Both molecules inhibit superantigen production by these organisms at concentrations that are not bactericidal. GML prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, as representative gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, tested in 96 well microtiter plates, and simultaneously is bactericidal for both organisms in mature biofilms. GML is bactericidal for a wide range of potential bacterial pathogens, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. In the presence of acidic pH and the cation chelator ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, GML has greatly enhanced bactericidal activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Solubilization of GML in a nonaqueous delivery vehicle (related to K-Y Warming (R)) enhances its bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Both R and S, and 1 and 2 position lauric acid derivatives of GML exhibit bactericidal activity. Despite year-long passage of Staphylococcus aureus on sub-growth inhibitory concentrations of GML (0.5 x minimum bactericidal concentration), resistance to GML did not develop.Conclusions/Significance: GML may be useful as a broad-spectrum human or animal topical microbicide and may be useful as an environmental surface microbicide for management of bacterial infections and contamination.