CARMENES (III): an innovative and challenging cooling system for an ultra-stable NIR spectrograph
CARMENES (III): an innovative and challenging cooling system for an ultra-stable NIR spectrograph
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CARMENES (III)：用于超稳定近红外光谱仪的创新且具有挑战性的冷却系统
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
J. Herranz
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作者：
S. Becerril;J. Lizon;M. Sánchez;E. Mirabet;P. Amado;W. Seifert;A. Quirrenbach;H. Mandel;J. Caballero;I. Ribas;A. Reiners;M. Abril;R. Antona;C. Cárdenas;R. Morales;D. Pérez;A. Ramón;E. Rodríguez;J. Herranz
CARMENES项目目前处于FDR阶段，是最后一代系外行星猎人仪器，将于2014年安装在卡拉尔阿尔托天文台。它分为两个不同的光谱仪：一个在可见光范围内工作，而另一个在近红外范围内工作。两个通道都需要在机械和热行为方面非常稳定。然而，由于近红外光谱仪的工作温度，热稳定性要求（24小时±0.07 K; ±0.01 K（目标））实际上成为一个主要挑战。这里提出的解决方案包括一个系统，该系统主动冷却包围光具座的屏蔽。因此，由于光具座的高质量以及两个部件之间的高热解耦，在光具座上进一步抑制了在屏蔽温度上产生的不稳定性，主要热交换由辐射产生。该系统是在ESO（Jean-Louis Lizon）的积极合作和建议下开发的，由以前的一个产生稳定氮气流的装置组成。这样产生的气流进入NIR光谱仪的真空回路，并通过一组适当尺寸的热交换器去除进入辐射屏蔽的辐射热负荷。本文描述和总结了为CARMENES NIR设计的冷却系统以及实施的分析。
The CARMENES project, which is currently at FDR stage, is a last-generation exoplanet hunter instrument to be installed in the Calar Alto Observatory by 2014. It is split into two different spectrographs: one works within the visual range while the other does it in the NIR range. Both channels need to be extremely stable in terms of mechanical and thermal behavior. Nevertheless, due to the operation temperature of the NIR spectrograph, the thermal stability requirement (±0.07 K in 24 hours; ±0.01 K (goal)) becomes actually a major challenge. The solution here proposed consists of a system that actively cools a shield enveloping the optical bench. Thus, the instability produced on the shield temperature is further damped on the optical bench due to the high mass of the latter, as well as the high thermal decoupling between both components, the main heat exchange being produced by radiation. This system -which is being developed with the active collaboration and advice of ESO (Jean-Louis Lizon)- is composed by a previous unit which produces a stable flow of nitrogen gas. The flow so produced goes into the in-vacuum circuitry of the NIR spectrograph and removes the radiative heat load incoming to the radiation shield by means of a group of properly dimensioned heat exchangers. The present paper describes and summarizes the cooling system designed for CARMENES NIR as well as the analyses implemented.