mTORC2 Responds to Glutamine Catabolite Levels to Modulate the Hexosamine Biosynthesis Enzyme GFAT1.

mTORC2 Responds to Glutamine Catabolite Levels to Modulate the Hexosamine Biosynthesis Enzyme GFAT1.
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mTORC2 响应谷氨酰胺分解代谢物水平来调节己糖胺生物合成酶 GFAT1。

DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.015
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发表时间:
2016-09-01
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Jacinto, Estela
Jacinto, Estela
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Moloughney, Joseph G.;Kim, Peter K.;Vega-Cotto, Nicole M.;Wu, Chang-Chih;Zhang, Sisi;Adlam, Matthew;Lynch, Thomas;Chou, Po-Chien;Rabinowitz, Joshua D.;Werlen, Guy;Jacinto, Estela

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高度增殖的细胞特别依赖葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺进行生物能量和大分子生物合成。对营养波动作出反应以维持代谢稳态的信号仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们发现由于谷氨酰胺分解代谢物减少,营养剥夺会激活mTORC2。我们阐明了mTORC2如何通过调节HBP的限速酶GFAT1(谷氨酰胺:果糖-6-磷酸氨基转移酶1)的表达来调节需要谷氨酰胺的生物合成途径,即己糖胺生物合成途径(HBP)。GFAT1的表达依赖于足够量的谷氨酰胺分解代谢产物,特别是α-酮戊二酸,其以mtorc2依赖性的方式产生。此外,mTORC2对于GFAT1转录调控因子Xbp1s的正确表达和核积累至关重要。因此,当mTORC1感知氨基酸丰度以促进合成代谢时,mTORC2响应谷氨酰胺分解代谢物的下降以恢复代谢稳态。我们的发现揭示了mTORC2在代谢重编程中的作用,并对理解胰岛素抵抗和肿瘤发生具有重要意义。
Highly proliferating cells are particularly dependent on glucose and glutamine for bioenergetics and macromolecule biosynthesis. The signals that respond to nutrient fluctuations to maintain metabolic homeostasis remain poorly understood. Here, we found that mTORC2 is activated by nutrient deprivation due to decreasing glutamine catabolites. We elucidate how mTORC2 modulates a glutamine-requiring biosynthetic pathway, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) via regulation of expression of GFAT1 (glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of the HBP. GFAT1 expression is dependent on sufficient amounts of glutaminolysis catabolites particularly α-ketoglutarate, which are generated in an mTORC2-dependent manner. Additionally, mTORC2 is essential for proper expression and nuclear accumulation of the GFAT1 transcriptional regulator, Xbp1s. Thus, while mTORC1 senses amino acid abundance to promote anabolism, mTORC2 responds to declining glutamine catabolites in order to restore metabolic homeostasis. Our findings uncover the role of mTORC2 in metabolic reprogramming and have implications for understanding insulin resistance and tumorigenesis.
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