Preface Ecology, Evolution and Development.
Preface Ecology, Evolution and Development.
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前言生态学、进化与发展。
DOI：
10.1111/dgd.12586
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Mikiko Tanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fukasawa Y;Oda T;Tomii K and Imai K;Mikiko Tanaka
生物体的发育程序经常被修改以适应环境的变化。表型的改变可以通过遗传变异的自然选择在许多代中发生。表型变异也可能是由于对环境线索的代内发育反应引起的。这种表型可塑性是由单代内基因表达的表观遗传调节驱动的，但环境诱导性状的跨代传递是另一回事。最近的研究提供了在各种生物体（包括植物、蠕虫、苍蝇和哺乳动物）中由环境刺激诱导的获得性特征的遗传的证据（Kishimoto，Uno，Okabe，Nono，& Nishida，2017; Martienssen，Barkan，Taylor，& Freeling，1990; Seong，Li，Shimizu，中村，&石井，2011; Weaver等人，2004年）。此外，有证据表明进化过程中表观遗传变化和基因组突变之间可能存在关联。例如，环境触发因素可以调节转座因子插入应激反应基因（Hosokawa & Kakutani，2018），染色质组织至少部分地有助于基因组的取代，插入和缺失率的区域变异（Makova & Hardison，2015）。这些观察结果使我们进一步追求发育可塑性和涉及基因组变化的发育程序的进化之间的关联，可能是对环境条件的响应。在这期《发育、生长和分化》特刊中，我们邀请了来自先驱研究者的原创研究和评论文章，他们研究了各种生物体的发育变化过程，旨在了解各种环境条件下这种变化的机制。植物的开花、结果和生长停止等物候事件是由环境信号控制的发育可塑性事件之一，光周期和温度是这类反应的两个主要信号。Kudo（2019）描述了这两个主要信号之间的“相位滞后”对季节性发育可塑性的重要性。关于植物的适应和物种形成，Tsuchimatsu及其同事（2019）回顾了最近使用种群基因组学的综合研究，这些研究涵盖了与其他生物的相互作用，对当地气候条件的适应以及生殖隔离的原因和后果。Tsukaya和Kinoshita（2019）总结了目前对苦苣苔科（真双子叶植物）中一叶植物发育的分子方面的理解，这些植物缺乏典型的茎顶端分生组织，并讨论了这种特殊发育过程如何演变的可能情况。然后，为了通过揭示单细胞horozoans（与动物最近的活体亲属）的遗传内容来阐明动物多细胞性的进化，Suga及其同事（2019）描述了一种新的基于配偶对信息的策略，以提高较小规模的基因组组装草图的质量。Kuo和Lai（2019）总结了Clitellata中的发育变异，包括寡毛类蠕虫和水蛭，并讨论了导致水蛭独特形态特征进化的发育变化。周围神经系统与中枢神经系统合作，使动物能够调整其生理和行为以适应内部和外部环境。Liu及其同事（2019）回顾了外周血淋巴细胞的分子，细胞和发育特征的最新发现。
Developmental programs of living organisms have often been modified in response to environmental changes. Modifications of phenotypes can occur through the natural selection of genetic variations over many generations. Phenotypic variations can also arise by within-generation developmental responses to environmental cues. Such phenotypic plasticity is driven by epigenetic modulations of gene expression within a single generation, but transgenerational transmission of environmentally induced traits is another matter. Recent studies have provided evidence for the inheritance of acquired characteristics induced by environmental stimuli in various organisms, including plants, worms, flies and mammals (Kishimoto, Uno, Okabe, Nono, & Nishida, 2017; Martienssen, Barkan, Taylor, & Freeling, 1990; Seong, Li, Shimizu, Nakamura, & Ishii, 2011; Weaver et al., 2004). In addition, there has been evidence for a possible association between epigenetic changes and genomic mutations during evolution. For example, environmental triggers can regulate transposable element insertion in stress-responsive genes (Hosokawa & Kakutani, 2018), and chromatin organization contributes, at least in part, to regional variation in the substitution, insertion and deletion rates of a genome (Makova & Hardison, 2015). These observations have led us to further pursue the association between the developmental plasticity and the evolution of developmental programs involving genomic changes, possibly in response to environmental conditions. In this special issue of Development, Growth and Differentiation, we invited original research and review articles from pioneering investigators who study the processes of developmental changes in a wide range of organisms and aim to understand the mechanisms for such changes under various environmental conditions. Phenological events in plants, such as flowering, fruiting and growth cessation, are one of the well-known developmental plasticity controlled by environmental cues; photoperiod and temperature are the two major cues for such responses. Kudo (2019) describes the importance of “a phase lag” between these two major signals for seasonal developmental plasticity. Regarding the adaptation and speciation of plants, Tsuchimatsu and colleagues (2019) reviews recent integrative studies using population genomics that have covered interactions with other organisms, adaptation to local climatic conditions and the causes and consequences of reproductive isolation. Tsukaya and Kinoshita (2019) summarize the current understanding of the molecular aspects of the development of one-leaf plants in the Gesneriaceae family (eudicots), which lack a typical shoot apical meristem, and discuss the possible scenario of how this peculiar developmental process has evolved. Then, with the goal of elucidating the evolution of animal multicellularity by revealing the genetic contents of unicellular horozoans (the closest living relatives to animals), Suga and colleagues (2019) describe a new mate-pair informationbased strategy to improve the quality of draft genome assemblies on a smaller scale. Kuo and Lai (2019) summarize developmental variations within Clitellata, which include oligochaete worms and leeches, and discuss the developmental changes leading to the evolution of unique morphological features of leeches. The peripheral nervous system, in cooperation with the central nervous system, allows animals to adjust their physiology and behaviors to their internal and external environment. Liu and colleagues (2019) review recent findings of the molecular, cellular and developmental characteristics of the peripheral …