How Cities Learn: From Experimentation to Transformation
How Cities Learn: From Experimentation to Transformation
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DOI：
10.17645/up.v6i1.3545
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Watson, Kelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, James;Vacha, Tomas;Watson, Kelly
城市必须迅速改变，以应对一系列可持续性挑战。虽然城市实验作为创新框架蓬勃发展，但它一直难以刺激更广泛的转型。我们提供了一个新的贡献，这场辩论的重点是什么市政从实验中学习，以及如何推动组织变革。市政当局如何学习和改变的实用性得到了相对较少的关注，尽管在城市实验的文献中学习的重要性和市政当局在实现城市转型中的核心作用得到了认可。我们解决这一研究差距，借鉴四年的深入研究与欧洲市政项目协调员负责设计和实施有史以来最大的城市研究和创新项目。这群专业人士在城市实验和转型中发挥着至关重要的作用，为城市挑战的新解决方案试验注入了数十亿欧元，并协调大型公私合作伙伴关系来实现这些方案。对于我们的受访者来说，学习如何更有效地进行实验并将这些经验教训融入他们的组织是这些项目的最重要成果。我们开发了过程学习的新概念，以捕捉实验在推动组织变革中的重要性。过程学习是重要的，因为它提供了一种新的方式来理解实验和城市转型之间的关系，并应形成创新项目的重点，寻求促进更广泛的城市转型，而不是技术性能。最后，我们确定城市规划和创新资金的影响。
Cities must change rapidly to address a range of sustainability challenges. While urban experimentation has prospered as a framework for innovation, it has struggled to stimulate broader transformation. We offer a novel contribution to this debate by focusing on what municipalities learn from experimentation and how this drives organisational change. The practicalities of how municipalities learn and change has received relatively little attention, despite the recognised importance of learning within the literature on urban experiments and the central role of municipalities in enabling urban transformation. We address this research gap, drawing on four years of in-depth research coproduced with European municipal project coordinators responsible for designing and implementing the largest urban research and innovation projects ever undertaken. This cohort of professionals plays a critical role in urban experimentation and transformation, funnelling billions of Euros into trials of new solutions to urban challenges and coordinating large public-private partnerships to deliver them. For our respondents, learning how to experiment more effectively and embedding these lessons into their organisations was the most important outcome of these projects. We develop the novel concept of process learning to capture the importance of experimentation in driving organisational change. Process learning is significant because it offers a new way to understand the relationship between experimentation and urban transformation and should form the focus of innovation projects that seek to prompt broader urban transformation, rather than technical performance. We conclude by identifying implications for urban planning and innovation funding.