Attentional focus, dispositional reinvestment, and skilled motor performance under pressure
Attentional focus, dispositional reinvestment, and skilled motor performance under pressure
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DOI：
10.1123/jsep.28.1.49
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Norsworthy, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jackson, RC;Ashford, KJ;Norsworthy, G
在两项研究中检查了控制熟练运动行为的注意过程。在实验1中，曲棍球运动员在单任务，双任务和技能集中的条件下，在低和高压力的情况下进行运球任务。在实验2中，熟练的足球运动员在单一任务，技能为重点，和过程目标的条件下，再次在低和高压力的情况下进行运球任务。结果复制了最近的研究结果，技能集中的注意力和双任务条件对熟练的性能的促进作用的不利影响。此外，专注于运动相关的过程目标被发现对性能产生不利影响。支持的预测有效性的再投资规模也被发现，与高reinvesters显示更大的敏感性技能失败的压力。结果是一致的明确监测理论的窒息，并进一步讨论了明确的监测和再投资的意识控制之间的概念区别。
Attentional processes governing skilled motor behavior were examined in two studies. In Experiment 1, field hockey players performed a dribbling task under single-task, dual-task, and skill-focused conditions under both low and high pressure situations. In Experiment 2, skilled soccer players performed a dribbling task under single-task, skill-focused, and process-goal conditions, again under low and high pressure situations. Results replicated recent findings regarding the detrimental effect of skill-focused attention and the facilitative effect of dual-task conditions on skilled performance. In addition, focusing on movement related process goals was found to adversely affect performance. Support for the predictive validity of the Reinvestment Scale was also found, with high reinvesters displaying greater susceptibility to skill failure under pressure. Results were consistent with explicit monitoring theories of choking and are further discussed in light of the conceptual distinction between explicit monitoring and reinvestment of conscious control.