The NIKA2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m IRAM telescope-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1051/0004-6361/201731503

发表时间：

2017-07

期刊：

Astronomy and Astrophysics

影响因子：

6.5

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

物理与天体物理2区

文献类型：

作者：

R. Adam;A. Adane;P. Ade;P. Andr'e;A. Andrianasolo;H. Aussel;A. Beelen;A. Benoȋt;A. Bideaud;N. Billot;O. Bourrion;A. Bracco;M. Calvo;A. Catalano;G. Coiffard;B. Comis;M. Petris;F. D'esert;S. Doyle;E. Driessen;R. Evans;J. Goupy;C. Kramer;G. Lagache;S. Leclercq;J. Leggeri;J. Lestrade;J. Macías-Pérez;P. Mauskopf;F. Mayet;A. Maury;A. Monfardini;S. Navarro;E. Pascale;L. Perotto;G. Pisano;N. Ponthieu;V. Révéret;A. Rigby;A. Ritacco;C. Romero;H. Roussel;F. Ruppin;K. Schuster;A. Sievers;S. Triqueneaux;C. Tucker;R. Zylka

上下文。今天，毫米波连续天文学是一般天体物理研究(例如恒星形成、附近星系)和宇宙学(例如CMB-宇宙微波背景和高红移星系)不可或缺的工具。为了绘制高分辨率干涉仪(例如智利的ALMA、法国阿尔卑斯山的NOEMA)和粗角分辨率的天基或地面测量(例如普朗克、ACT、SPT)无法获得的中角尺度的天空图，需要使用一般用途的大视场仪器。这些仪器必须安装在最大的单碟式望远镜的焦平面上，这些望远镜放置在选定的干燥观测地点的高海拔。为此，我们建造并部署了一台3000像素的双频(150 GHz和260 GHz，波长分别为2 mm和1.15 mm)相机，以拍摄直径6.5角分钟的瞬时圆形视场，并可配置成绘制260 GHz的线偏振。目标。首先，我们对这台名为NIKA2(新的IRAM KID阵列2)的仪器进行了详细的描述，特别是低温、光学、基于动态电感探测器(KID)的焦平面阵列以及读出电子学。焦平面和部分光学元件通过临时稀释式制冷机冷却到标称的150MK工作温度。其次，我们展示了2015年10月至2017年4月在西班牙格拉纳达附近皮科·维莱塔的30米IRAM(毫米射电天文学研究所)望远镜试运行期间在天空测量到的性能。方法：研究方法。我们已经锁定了一些天文来源。从初级和次级定标器上的束流图开始，我们接着讨论了扩展源和微弱物体。内部(电子)和空中校准都适用。本文介绍了这些方法的一般方法。结果。NIKA2已成功部署和调试，性能符合预期。特别值得一提的是，NIKA2在260 GHz和150 GHz上的半高半宽(FWHM)角分辨率分别约为11和17.5角秒。噪声当量通量密度在这两个频率分别为33±2和8±1mJy·S 1/2。于2017年4月成功地进行了第一次科学验证。该仪器目前向天文学社区提供，并将至少在接下来的十年内可用。

Context. Millimetre-wave continuum astronomy is today an indispensable tool for both general astrophysics studies (e.g. star formation, nearby galaxies) and cosmology (e.g. CMB - cosmic microwave background and high-redshift galaxies). General purpose, large-field-of-view instruments are needed to map the sky at intermediate angular scales not accessible by the high-resolution interferometers (e.g. ALMA in Chile, NOEMA in the French Alps) and by the coarse angular resolution space-borne or ground-based surveys (e.g. Planck, ACT, SPT). These instruments have to be installed at the focal plane of the largest single-dish telescopes, which are placed at high altitude on selected dry observing sites. In this context, we have constructed and deployed a three-thousand-pixel dual-band (150 GHz and 260 GHz, respectively 2 mm and 1.15 mm wavelengths) camera to image an instantaneous circular field-ofview of 6.5 arcminutes in diameter, and configurable to map the linear polarisation at 260 GHz. Aims. First, we are providing a detailed description of this instrument, named NIKA2 (New IRAM KID Arrays 2), in particular focussing on the cryogenics, optics, focal plane arrays based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), and the readout electronics. The focal planes and part of the optics are cooled down to the nominal 150 mK operating temperature by means of an ad-hoc dilution refrigerator. Secondly, we are presenting the performance measured on the sky during the commissioning runs that took place between October 2015 and April 2017 at the 30-meter IRAM (Institut of Millimetric Radio Astronomy) telescope at Pico Veleta, near Granada (Spain). Methods. We have targeted a number of astronomical sources. Starting from beam-maps on primary and secondary calibrators we have then gone to extended sources and faint objects. Both internal (electronic) and on-the-sky calibrations are applied. The general methods are described in the present paper. Results. NIKA2 has been successfully deployed and commissioned, performing in-line with expectations. In particular, NIKA2 exhibits full width at half maximum (FWHM) angular resolutions of around 11 and 17.5 arc-seconds at respectively 260 and 150 GHz. The noise equivalent flux densities (NEFD) are, at these two respective frequencies, 33±2 and 8±1 mJy ·s 1/2. A first successful science verification run was achieved in April 2017. The instrument is currently offered to the astronomy community and will remain available for at least the following ten years.

The NIKA2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m IRAM telescope

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