Canopy space filling and tree crown morphology in mixed-species stands compared with monocultures
Canopy space filling and tree crown morphology in mixed-species stands compared with monocultures
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.027
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
H. Pretzsch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Pretzsch
与纯林相比，混交林在其良好的生态、经济和社会经济功能和服务方面得到了很好的研究，但对其结构和功能的了解仍然很少。林冠结构和林木形态影响着林分内部的环境条件，影响着树木的生长，从而影响到森林的大部分功能和服务功能。在这里，我回顾了混交林的树冠结构和树冠形态与纯林的不同之处，以及这如何取决于树种的选择和它们之间的相互作用。研究的重点是树冠和树冠的宏观结构，从树木的位置、凸起的树冠外壳和充满树枝的空间中，混合树冠的树冠投影面积之和，而不是树冠的地面覆盖度，由于多个树冠重叠，大多超过了纯林分。当互补树种组合时，树冠形状和异速生长鳞片的种间差异导致了“选择效应”。此外，在种间环境中，还可能发生“真正的混合效应”，如树冠的大小、形状和内部空间填充的种内变化。在混交林中填充更多的密度和更多的塑料树冠空间可以增加光的截获、林分密度、生产力和对干扰的生长弹性。我讨论了种间交互作用与森林管理、模型建立和理论发展的相关性，并得出了进一步研究林分冠层和树冠结构的前景。
Mixed-species forest stands are well explored in their favourable ecological, economical, and socio-economical functions and services compared with pure stands, but still poorly understood in their structure and functioning. Canopy structure and tree morphology affect the environmental conditions within the stand, the tree growth, and by this most forest functions and services. Here, I review how canopy structure and crown morphology in mixed stands can differ from pure stands and how this depends on the selection of tree species and interactions between them. The focus is on the macrostructure of canopy and crowns derived from the trees’ positions, their convex crown hulls, and their space filling with branches.In mixed canopies the sum of the crown projection area, but not the ground coverage by crowns, mostly exceeds pure stands due to multiple crown overlaps. The interspecific differences in crown shape and allometric scaling cause a ‘selection effect’ when complementary species are combined. In interspecific environment furthermore ‘true mixing effects’ like intraspecific shifts in size, shape, and inner space filling of crowns may occur. The much denser and more plastic canopy space filling in mixed stands may increase light interception, stand density, productivity, and growth resilience to disturbances. I discuss the relevance of interspecific interactions for forest management, model building, and theory development and draw perspectives of further research into stand canopy and crown structure.