Temporal Variability in Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Excretion Based on Spot, Morning, and 24-h Urine Samples: Considerations for Epidemiological Studies
Temporal Variability in Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Excretion Based on Spot, Morning, and 24-h Urine Samples: Considerations for Epidemiological Studies
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DOI：
10.1021/es303640b
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发表时间：
2013-01-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Andersson, Anna-Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frederiksen, Hanne;Kranich, Selma K.;Andersson, Anna-Maria
在流行病学研究中，尿邻苯二甲酸盐排泄被用作邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的标志。在这里，我们通过比较受试者间和受试者内尿邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平的变化来检验尿邻苯二甲酸盐水平在暴露分类中的可靠性。33名年轻的健康男性在3个月的时间里每人采集了两个Spot、三个第一个早晨和三个24小时的尿样。分析了7种不同邻苯二甲酸酯的12种尿代谢物的含量。变异性被评估为组内相关系数(ICC)。对于邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、二丁酯和丁基苄基邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、二丁酯和丁基苄基苯酯的代谢物，在所有三种类型的样品中都观察到中等的ICC，尽管在24小时尿中最高(0.51-0.59)。邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯的代谢产物的ICC值较低(0.06~0.29)。这些低的ICC表明在人群研究中对这两种邻苯二甲酸盐的暴露进行错误分类的风险很高，因此检测可能的暴露与结果关联的能力减弱。与第一天早上和现场尿样相比，24小时泳池的ICC仅略高，似乎不足以证明收集24小时泳池所需的额外努力是合理的。
Urinary phthalate excretion is used as marker of phthalate exposure in epidemiological studies. Here we examine the reliability of urinary phthalate levels in exposure classification by comparing the inter- and intrasubject variation of urinary phthalate metabolite levels. Thirty-three young healthy men each collected two spot, three first-morning, and three 24-h urine samples during a 3-month period. Samples were analyzed for the content of 12 urinary metabolites of 7 different phthalates. Variability was assessed as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). For the metabolites of diethyl-, dibutyl-, and butylbenzyl-phthalates moderate ICCs were observed in all three sample types, albeit highest in 24-h urine (0.51-0.59). For the metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-iso-nonyl phthlates lower ICCs (0.06-0.29) were found. These low ICCs indicate a high risk of misclassification of exposures for these two phthalates in population studies and hence an attenuation of the power to detect possible exposure-outcome associations. The only slightly higher ICCs for 24-h pools compared to first-morning and spot urine samples does not seem to justify the extra effort needed to collect 24-h pools.