Expertise-related deactivation of the right temporoparietal junction during musical improvisation
Expertise-related deactivation of the right temporoparietal junction during musical improvisation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.042
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ansari, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berkowitz, Aaron L.;Ansari, Daniel
音乐训练与大脑的结构变化以及大脑活动的功能差异有关，当音乐家与非音乐家在感知和运动任务上进行比较时。以前的音乐家和非音乐家在运动领域的神经成像比较使用的任务涉及预先学习的运动序列或同步与实验过程中出现的序列。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究音乐家和非音乐家在即兴创作（产生新的音乐运动序列）过程中大脑活动的专业相关差异，使用的是我们以前只在音乐家身上使用的范式。尽管两组人的行为表现相当，但在即兴创作过程中，两组人的大脑功能活动存在显著差异。具体来说，音乐家在旋律即兴创作过程中停用了右颞顶联合区（rTPJ），而非音乐家在这一区域的活动没有变化。rTPJ被认为是腹侧注意网络的一部分，用于自下而上的刺激驱动的处理，并且已经假设该区域的失活是为了抑制在自上而下的目标驱动行为期间对任务无关刺激的注意转移。我们认为，音乐家在旋律即兴创作过程中对rTPJ的失活可能代表了一种训练诱导的转向刺激驱动的注意力抑制的转变，允许一种有助于创造性思维的更具目标导向的表现状态，（C）2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Musical training has been associated with structural changes in the brain as well as functional differences in brain activity when musicians are compared to nonmusicians on both perceptual and motor tasks. Previous neuroimaging comparisons of musicians and nonmusicians in the motor domain have used tasks involving prelearned motor sequences or synchronization with an auditorily presented sequence during the experiment. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine expertise-related differences in brain activity between musicians and nonmusicians during improvisation - the generation of novel musical-motor sequences - using a paradigm that we previously used in musicians alone. Despite behaviorally matched performance, the two groups showed significant differences in functional brain activity during improvisation. Specifically, musicians deactivated the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) during melodic improvisation, while nonmusicians showed no change in activity in this region. The rTPJ is thought to be part of a ventral attentional network for bottom-up stimulus-driven processing, and it has been Postulated that deactivation of this region Occurs in order to inhibit attentional shifts toward task-irrelevant stimuli during top-down, goal-driven behavior. We propose that the musicians' deactivation of the rTPJ during melodic improvisation may represent a training-induced shift toward inhibition of stimulus-driven attention, allowing for a more goal-directed performance state that aids in creative thought, (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.