Sex differences in cognitive domains and their clinical correlates in higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders
Sex differences in cognitive domains and their clinical correlates in higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders
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DOI：
10.1177/1362361310391116
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Holtmann, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bolte, Sven;Duketis, Eftichia;Holtmann, Martin
尽管存在性别比例失衡，但很少有研究涉及自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中可能存在的认知性别差异。本研究比较了35名男性和21名女性高功能ASD和未受影响的同胞对照的视觉注意细节（ATTD）和选择的执行功能（EF）。通过连线测试B-A评估，ASD女性的EF表现优于男性。通过区组设计测试（BD）测量，与女性相比，患有ASD的男性在ATTD方面表现出更好的上级表现。男性EF困难与自闭症诊断访谈修订版或自闭症诊断观察时间表上更多的刻板行为和兴趣相关。结果表明，ASD中具有临床意义的认知性别差异，特别是EF与刻板行为和兴趣之间的关联。ATTD作为特定认知优势（例如科学/学者技能）的潜在基础，在ASD男性中可能更明显。
Despite the skewed sex ratio, few studies have addressed possible cognitive sex differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study compared visual attention to detail (ATTD) and selected executive functions (EF) in 35 males and 21 females with higher-functioning ASD and unaffected sibling controls. Females with ASD outperformed males on EF as assessed by the Trail Making Test B-A. Males with ASD showed superior performance for ATTD as measured by the Block Design Test (BD) when compared with females. EF difficulties in males were correlated with more stereotypic behaviours and interests on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The results indicated clinically meaningful cognitive sex differences in ASD, particularly an association between EF and stereotypic behaviours and interests. ATTD as a potential basis for specific cognitive strengths (e.g. scientific/savant skills) might be more pronounced in males with ASD.