Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development
Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development
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DOI：
10.1002/per.2115
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Wrzus, Cornelia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumert, Anna;Schmitt, Manfred;Wrzus, Cornelia
在这篇目标文章中，我们认为必须以综合的方式理解和研究人格过程、人格结构和人格发展，以便对人格心理学的关键问题提供全面的回答。解释具体情况下的具体行为的心理过程和机制应该为不同情况和个体之间的变化模式、随着时间的推移的发展以及个体内部和个体间差异中观察到的结构提供解释。人格结构被定义为行为（包括思想和情感）的共变模式，是这些过程与情境可供性和规律性相互作用的结果。不能预设过程的组织方式直接对应于观察到的结构。相反，这是一个经验问题，是否共享的过程集独特地参与塑造相关行为，而不是不相关的行为（我们在本文中将其称为“对应”），或者更复杂的过程相互作用是否会引起群体水平的共变模式（称为“涌现”）。本文分为三个部分，第一部分提供主要论点，第二部分回顾过去的（部分）整合的一些方法，第三部分概述未来人格心理学应如何走向完全整合的结论。附录中提供了中心术语的工作定义。版权所有 (c) 2017 欧洲人格心理学协会
In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra-individual and inter-individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviours, but not uncorrelated behaviours (what we term correspondence' throughout this paper), or whether more complex interactions of processes give rise to population-level patterns of covariation (termed emergence'). The paper is organized in three parts, with part I providing the main arguments, part II reviewing some of the past approaches at (partial) integration, and part III outlining conclusions of how future personality psychology should progress towards complete integration. Working definitions for the central terms are provided in the appendix. Copyright (c) 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology