Trehalose accumulation in the tardigrade Adorybiotus coronifer during anhydrobiosis
Trehalose accumulation in the tardigrade Adorybiotus coronifer during anhydrobiosis
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水熊虫在脱水过程中海藻糖的积累
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Ramløv
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Westh;H. Ramløv
在无水生物的诱导和唤醒过程中，观察了迟发性金龟子的海藻糖水平的变化。海藻糖积累超过1.6%干重(D.W.)在无水生物动物中，在其生物栖息地上采集的干燥动物的再水化作用迅速减少，达到活跃动物的水平(0.1-0.2%D.W.)6小时后。在实验室中埋入沙子中干燥的迟发性海藻糖积累了0.1%到2.3%的海藻糖。在5-7小时内。CO引起的迟发性好氧酸中毒，灌流至少36小时可逆地抑制再激活，并引起合成代谢和分解代谢活性降低，海藻糖降解显著降低，蛋白质合成速率降低7倍。这些数据支持海藻糖通常在耐干燥的后生动物中起保护作用的假设，但表明迟滞只需要中等水平的有效保护。海藻糖积累对于一些厌水生物来说，隐生态的存活与二糖海藻糖的积累呈正相关，据报道，在卤虫无水包囊中含量高达干重的13-18%(克莱格，；65)，在麦丁和克劳等人(Madin and Crowe，‘75；Crowe等人，’77)中也有报道。此外，海藻糖可减少冷冻干燥引起的对分离脂质体的损伤(Crowe等人，‘861，来自肌浆网的微粒体(Crowe等人，’83)和磷酸果糖激酶酶(Carpenter等人，‘87；’88)。其他数据，例如几乎干燥的卤虫囊的物理性质(Clegg等人，‘82；Clegg，’86)和海藻糖与磷脂双层之间分子相互作用的计算机模拟(Gaber等人，‘86)表明，海藻糖可能是多羟基化合物的候选者，根据水替代假说(Webb，’65；Crowe，‘711)，在干燥过程中取代细胞化合物的结构水。无水生物作用在缓步动物门中普遍存在，但在诱导无水生物过程中海藻糖的积累尚未在该门中得到定量。Crowe(‘75)报道了迟发性大生物鼠乙醇提取物的纸层析分析
Changes in the trehalose level in the tardigrade Adorybiotus coronifer were ob- served during induction of, and arousal from, anhydrobiosis. A trehalose accumulation surpassing 1.6% dry weight (d.w.) in anhydrobiotic animals collected dry on their biotope was rapidly reduced on rehydration, reaching the level of active animals (0.1-0.2% d.w.) after 6 hours. Tardigrades dried while embedded in sand in the laboratory accumulated trehalose from 0.1% to 2.3% d.w. within 5-7 hours. Induction of aerobic acidosis in arousing tardigrades by CO, perfusion reversibly arrested re- activation for at least 36 hours and induced a reduction in anabolic and catabolic activities, mea- sured as a significant reduction in trehalose degradation, and a sevenfold reduction in the rate of protein synthesis. These data support the hypotheis that trehalose generally serves a protective role in desiccation- tolerant Metazoa, but indicate that tardigrades require only a moderate level for efficient pro- tection. Trehalose accumulation A positive correlation between the survival of the cryptobiotic state and the accumulation of the disaccharide trehalose has been demonstrated for a number of anhydrobiotic organisms, and con- centrations as high as 13-18% dry weight have been reported in anhydrobiotic cysts of the crusta- cean Artemia salina' (Clegg, '64; '65) and in the nematode Aphelenchus avenae (Madin and Crowe, '75; Crowe et al., '77). Moreover, trehalose reduces damage, induced by freeze-drying, to iso- lated liposomes (Crowe et al., '861, microsomes from sarcoplasmatic reticulum (Crowe et al., '83), and the enzyme phosphofructokinase (Carpenter et al., '87; '88). Other data such as the physical properties of nearly dry Artemia salina cysts (Clegg et al., '82; Clegg, '86) and computerized modeling of molecular interactions between tre- halose and a phospholipid bilayer (Gaber et al., '86) indicate that trehalose is a likely candidate for the polyhydroxy compound that, according to the water replacement hypothesis (Webb, '65; Crowe, '711, replaces the structural water of the cellular compounds during desiccation. Anhydrobiosis is widespread in the phylum Tardigrada, but quantification of trehalose accu- mulation during the induction of anhydrobiosis has not yet been made in this phylum. Crowe ('75) reported that paper chromatography analysis of ethanol extracts of the tardigrade Macrobiotus