Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98
Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00376.x
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Tardiff, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coffin, PO;Galea, S;Tardiff, K
意外药物过量是吸毒者死亡的主要原因。在几项研究中，多种药物的使用被证明是过量和过量死亡的一个关键风险因素。本研究探讨了多种药物组合过量mortality trends.Design的贡献，我们收集的数据，在1990年和1998年之间的所有过量死亡的纽约市使用记录从办公室的首席体检医师（OCME）。我们标准化每年过量死亡率的年龄，性别和种族，以1990年人口普查人口为NYC，使年之间的可比性相关的本analysis.Findings阿片类药物，可卡因和酒精是三种药物最常见的原因，意外过量死亡的OCME，占97.6%的所有死亡;这些死亡中有57.8%归因于这三种药物中的两种或两种以上的联合用药。1990- 1993年意外过量死亡人数增加，随后在1993- 1998年略有下降。多种药物联合用药死亡率的变化是过量死亡率变化的主要原因，而单一药物过量死亡率保持相对稳定。意外用药过量死亡率的趋势在性别和种族/民族分层不同的药物组合之间的不同subpopulation.Conclusions这些数据表明，干预措施，以防止意外用药过量死亡应解决使用的药物，如海洛因，可卡因和酒精的组合。
Aims Accidental drug overdose contributes substantially to mortality among drug users. Multi-drug use has been documented as a key risk factor in overdose and overdose mortality in several studies. This study investigated the contribution of multiple drug combinations to overdose mortality trends.Design We collected data on all overdose deaths in New York City between 1990 and 1998 using records from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME). We standardized yearly overdose death rates by age, sex and race to the 1990 census population for NYC to enable comparability between years relevant to this analysis.Findings Opiates, cocaine and alcohol were the three drugs most commonly attributed as the cause of accidental overdose death by the OCME, accounting for 9 7.6% of all deaths; 57.8% of those deaths were attributed to two or more of these three drugs in combination. Accidental overdose deaths increased in 1990-93 and subsequently declined slightly in 1993-98. Changes in the rate of multi-drug combination deaths accounted for most of the change in overdose death rates, whereas single drug overdose death rates remained relatively stable. Trends in accidental overdose death rates within gender and racial/ethnic strata varied by drug combination suggesting different patterns of multi-drug use among different subpopulations.Conclusions These data suggest that interventions to prevent accidental overdose mortality should address the use of drugs such as heroin, cocaine and alcohol in combination.