Tritium biology in Japan: A search for a new approach
Tritium biology in Japan: A search for a new approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.01.029
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
H. Tauchi;Megumi Toyoshima-Sasatani;Haruki Nagashima;T. Shimura;T. Umata;A. Tachibana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Tauchi;Megumi Toyoshima-Sasatani;Haruki Nagashima;T. Shimura;T. Umata;A. Tachibana
由于福岛第一核电站（福岛NPP）存在氚（HTO）污染水，氚对健康的影响是日本公众关注的主要问题。从科学的角度来看，福岛核电站的污染物HTO的生物效应可以想象是相当小的，但氚辐射的随机效应的可能性不能忽视。这一推理依据的是辐射防护委员会的建议中所引用的线性无阈值模型，该模型表明，即使剂量低于100毫戈瑞，辐射的随机效应的频率也会上升。然而，目前，只有少量的实验数据，可用于描述低剂量辐射的生物效应，也没有建立的实验系统，可以清楚地表明是否LNT模型是适当的。这是由于随机效应发生率的数据非常分散，难以区分辐射诱发事件和自发事件。我们建议克服这个困难，放射生物学实验使用低剂量或低剂量率辐射建立超灵敏度测定系统，并报告在日本的氚放射生物学研究工作的现状。
The health effects of tritium are a major public concern in Japan due to the presence of tritium (HTO) contaminated water at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (Fukushima NPP). From a scientific view, the biological effects of the contaminant HTO at the Fukushima NPP could conceivably be quite small, but the possibility of stochastic effects from tritium radiation cannot be neglected. This reasoning is based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, which is cited in ICRP recommendations and suggests an elevation in the frequency of the stochastic effects of radiation, even when the doses are less than 100 mGy. However, at the present, only a small amount of experimental data is available describing the biological effects of low doses radiation, and there are no established experimental systems that can clearly show whether or not the LNT model is appropriate. This is due to a wide scatter in data for the incidence of stochastic effects, which makes it difficult to distinguish radiation-induced events from spontaneous events. We propose overcoming this difficulty for radiobiology experiments using low doses or low dose rate radiation by establishing hypersensitive assay systems, and report on the current status of work investigating tritium radiobiology in Japan.