Mechanisms of deliberation during preferential choice: Perspectives from computational modeling and individual differences.
Mechanisms of deliberation during preferential choice: Perspectives from computational modeling and individual differences.
复制标题
优先选择过程中的审议机制：计算模型和个体差异的视角。
DOI：
10.1037/dec0000092
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu,Taosheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pleskac,TimothyJ;Yu,Shuli;Hopwood,Christopher;Liu,Taosheng
决策的计算模型通常假设，当人们在不同的选项之间进行考虑时，他们会在心理上模拟每个选项的结果，并整合这些结果的估值，以形成偏好。在两项研究中，我们使用一项任务来研究这种深思熟虑的过程，在这项任务中，参与者在确定的和不确定的选项之间做出一系列决定，这些决定被显示为代表可能回报的动态视觉样本。我们开发并验证了一种反向相关分析方法，用于衡量这个时变信号是如何被用来做出选择的。第一项研究使用这种方法来检验在审议过程中的信息处理与对任务的知觉类比有何不同。我们发现，在优先选择过程中，参与者对每个信息样本的敏感度较低。在第二项研究中，我们调查了这些不同的慎重措施与冲动以及药物和酒精使用之间的关系。我们发现，尽管深思熟虑过程的性质与冲动无关，但该过程的某些方面可能与物质使用有关。特别是，酗酒与对回报信息的敏感性降低有关，药物使用与证据积累的初始起点有关。我们用一个等级相关的序贯抽样模型综合了我们的结果，该模型表明，在优先选择过程中，参与者将更多的注意力分配给更大的潜在回报。
Computational models of decision making typically assume as people deliberate between options they mentally simulate outcomes from each one and integrate valuations of these outcomes to form a preference. In two studies, we investigated this deliberation process using a task where participants make a series of decisions between a certain and an uncertain option, which were shown as dynamic visual samples that represented possible payoffs. We developed and validated a method of reverse correlational analysis for the task that measures how this time-varying signal was used to make a choice. The first study used this method to examine how information processing during deliberation differed from a perceptual analog of the task. We found that participants were less sensitive to each sample of information during preferential choice. In a second study, we investigated how these different measures of deliberation were related to impulsivity and drug and alcohol use. We found that although properties of the deliberation process were not related to impulsivity, some aspects of the process may be related to substance use. In particular, alcohol abuse was related to diminished sensitivity to the payoff information and drug use was related to how the initial starting point of evidence accumulation. We synthesized our results with a rank-dependent sequential sampling model which suggests that participants allocated more attentional weight to larger potential payoffs during preferential choice.