Phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular traps.
Phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular traps.
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DOI：
10.12703/r/9-25
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allen LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeLeo FR;Allen LH
中性粒细胞被迅速招募到感染部位，以响应宿主和/或微生物衍生的促炎分子。在这些部位，中性粒细胞吞噬微生物，并被激活以产生超氧化物和其他活性氧物种(ROS)。此外，中性粒细胞含有抗菌肽和酶，它们与ROS协同工作，杀死摄入的微生物。中性粒细胞还可以释放与抗菌肽和酶结合的染色体DNA，形成网状结构，称为细胞外陷阱。中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(Net)被报道诱捕和杀死微生物，通常被认为是天然宿主防御的重要组成部分。值得注意的是，Net的形成最常被报告为一种细胞溶解过程。虽然微生物在吞噬体内的杀灭作用隔离了原本会损害宿主组织的细胞毒性抗微生物分子，但Net的形成和这些分子的相关细胞外释放可促进宿主组织的破坏和疾病。在这里，我们比较和对比吞噬作用和NETS在宿主防御中的作用，重点是最近对NETS的研究，这些研究最终强调了吞噬作用作为中性粒细胞清除微生物的主要手段的重要性。
Neutrophils are recruited rapidly to sites of infection in response to host- and/or microbe-derived proinflammatory molecules. At such sites, neutrophils phagocytose microbes and are activated to produce superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, neutrophils contain stores of antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that work in concert with ROS to kill ingested microbes. Neutrophils can also release chromosomal DNA bound with antimicrobial peptides and enzymes to form web-like structures known as extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to ensnare and kill microbes and are commonly considered to be an important component of innate host defense. Notably, the formation of NETs is most often reported as a cytolytic process. Whereas intraphagosomal killing of microbes sequesters cytotoxic antimicrobial molecules that would otherwise damage host tissues, the formation of NETs and associated extracellular release of these molecules can contribute to host tissue destruction and disease. Here we compare and contrast phagocytosis and NETs in host defense, with emphasis on recent studies of NETs that ultimately underscore the importance of phagocytosis as the primary means by which neutrophils eliminate microbes.