Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function.
Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function.
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DOI：
10.1071/rd9950871
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Watson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Watson
本文综述了近年来有关哺乳动物精子冷冻保存的研究进展。对多种细胞器的冷冻损伤被认为是由于冷冻保存的两种主要应激，即，温度的变化，冰的形成和溶解及其后果。由于冷冻保存过程涉及细胞离开和返回体温，冷休克和热休克都被包括作为要考虑的潜在应力，以及涉及冷却到低于培养基凝固点的阶段。本文重新考虑了低温损伤的原因，并提出了渗透应力影响的新概念。精子群的异质性是在成功的情况下，精子可以冷冻保存之间和射精和个人内进行了讨论。冷冻和解冻的精子的功能状态检查的基础上发表的结果的结构和功能的精子能力的测试。该假说是先进的，冷冻保存的哺乳动物精子是在一个类似的获能状态，这占了他们的寿命相对减少，他们准备进行卵穿透没有孵化。这对利用冷冻保存的精子的重要性进行了检查，并提出了新的研究途径，以克服这些问题的建议。
New research on the cooling and cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa is reviewed in the context of the older literature. Cryoinjury to a variety of cell organelles is regarded as being due to the two major stresses of cryopreservation, i.e., the change in temperature, and the formation and dissolution of ice and its consequences. Since the cryopreservation process involves departure of the cells from and return to body temperature, both cold shock and warm shock are included as potential stresses to be considered, as well as the stages involving cooling below the freezing point of the medium. The causes of cryoinjury are reconsidered and new concepts concerning the influence of osmotic stress are presented. Heterogeneity of the sperm population is discussed in the context of the success with which spermatozoa can be cryopreserved between and within ejaculates and individuals. The functional state of frozen and thawed spermatozoa is examined on the basis of published results of structural and functional tests of sperm competence. The hypothesis is advanced that cryopreserved mammalian spermatozoa are in a state resembling capacitation, which accounts for their relatively reduced longevity and their readiness to undergo egg penetration without incubation. The importance of this to the utilization of cryopreserved spermatozoa is examined, and proposals are made for new avenues of research to overcome these problems.