Environment and Salinity Tolerance in the Genus Fundulus
Environment and Salinity Tolerance in the Genus Fundulus
复制标题
眼底属的环境和盐度耐受性
作者：
R. W. Griffith
对超过 20 种硬骨鱼属的环境盐度、淡水生存能力和高盐度耐受性进行了比较。该属的所有物种有时都会出现在淡水中，并且能够在实验室的这种介质中生存。在咸水环境中发现的物种具有较高的盐度耐受性，范围为 74-114%o，而大多数淡水特征物种在盐度高于 29%o 时无法生存。值得注意的例外是 F. zebrinus，一种常见于咸水中的内陆物种；F. diaphanus，一种经常进入淡咸水河口的淡水物种；以及 F. waccamensis，一种更新世 F. diaphanus 的湖相衍生物。由于咸水物种能够耐受淡水中的生活，而反之则不然，因此有人认为淡水物种源自完全广盐性的祖先，这些祖先在与咸水或海洋环境的长期隔离期间逐渐丧失了在海水中生活的能力。
A comparison was made of environmental salinities, ability to survive in fresh water and upper salinity tolerance for over 20 species of the teleost genus Fundulus. All species of the genus occur, at times, in fresh water and are able to survive in this medium in the laboratory. Species found in brackish environments have upper salinity tolerances ranging from 74-114%o, while most species characteristic of fresh waters are unable to survive in salinities above 29%o. Notable exceptions are F. zebrinus, an inland species commonly found in saline waters, F. diaphanus, a freshwater form which often enters dilute brackish estuaries and F. waccamensis, a Pleistocene lacustrine derivative of F. diaphanus. Since brackish-water species are tolerant of life in fresh water while the reverse is not the case, it is suggested that freshwater species of Fundulus were derived from fully euryhaline ancestors which gradually lost the ability to live in sea water during extended isolation from brackish or marine environments.