Où vivre sans boire revisited: Water and political‐economic change among Mikea hunter‐gatherers of southwestern Madagascar
Où vivre sans boire revisited: Water and political‐economic change among Mikea hunter‐gatherers of southwestern Madagascar
复制标题
重温无忧无虑的生活：马达加斯加西南部米卡狩猎采集者的水和政治经济变化
DOI：
10.1002/sea2.12160
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Tucker, Bram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tucker, Bram
在这篇文章中，我呈现了马达加斯加西南部Mikea森林和Mikea人民的政治生态历史，以四个以水为主题的时刻为基础：1966年，Mikea最早的民族志描述之一的出版，Où vivre sans boire，“他们不喝水的地方”；1998年，Mikea把觅食和种植玉米结合起来，长途跋涉去取水；2003年，一个致力于制止森林砍伐的组织联合委员会考虑修建运河灌溉潜在农田的计划；2018年，生活在新国家公园边缘的迈克绝望地等待着下雨。我提供的“水社会时刻”是一种通过时间扩展Boelens和同事的“水社会领域”的方式。水的事实和真理的变化，是一个主张真理与矛盾的辩证过程。在Mikea案例中，一个不断变化的事实是Mikea是谁：外来的沙漠狩猎采集者，被贪婪的农民夺走森林的土著受害者，或者需要发展的穷人。干预者从邻近的水文社会领域借用了真相。水社会领域和时刻的概念很重要，因为它们有实际的影响，在这种情况下，贫穷。
In this article, I present a political‐ecological history of the Mikea Forest of southwestern Madagascar, and of the Mikea people, anchored in four water‐themed moments: 1966, with the publication of one of the first ethnographic descriptions of Mikea,Où vivre sans boire, “where they live without drinking”; 1998, when Mikea combined foraging with swidden maize agriculture and traveled long distances to get their water; 2003, when a Joint Commission of organizations, working to halt deforestation, considered plans for canals to irrigate potential farmland; and 2018, when Mikea living on the edge of a new national park desperately waited for rain. I offer “hydrosocial moments” as a way to extend Boelens and colleagues' “hydrosocial territories” through time. Water facts and truths change through a dialectical process of truth assertion and contradiction. In the Mikea case, one changing truth was who Mikea are: exotic desert hunter‐gatherers, victimized indigenous peoples losing forest to rapacious farmers, or poor people in need of development. Interveners borrowed truths from neighboring hydrosocial territories. The concepts of hydrosocial territories and moments are significant because they have real effects, in this case, poverty.