Early reproductive loss and the factors that may influence its occurrence.
Early reproductive loss and the factors that may influence its occurrence.
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早期生殖丧失及其发生的影响因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Weathersbee Ps
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weathersbee Ps
：总结了人类妊娠浪费的要素和程度，重点关注了一些可能影响或增加妊娠浪费的因素。最初的注意力集中在考虑最大的单一浪费类别——出生后 12-14 周内发生的堕胎。从细胞遗传学角度来看，其中约 61% 的染色体计数异常；结构性遗传缺陷仅占可观察病例的 3.8%。在数量缺陷中，约 15% 代表单体性，52% 代表三体性，20% 代表三倍体。如果在此时间范围内进行内分泌测量，则将要堕胎的女性中，循环人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG) 水平低于正常平均值 1 个标准差的比例略低于 75%。男性伴侣对流产的影响可能是人们最不了解、因此也是最被低估的因素。在人类精子发育和成熟所需的大约 75 天期间，会发生许多步骤，其中一些步骤比其他步骤更容易受到影响生育能力的改变。在一系列可能性中，由先天性或生物因素引起的遗传缺陷必须被视为主要分组。附睾转运及其伴随的精子细胞的成熟，代表了易受影响生育力变化的下一个主要因素。对于女性来说，下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴正常功能的破坏将导致生殖损失的百分比增加。配子老化的结果也将是早期胚胎和胎儿丢失的增加。
: The elements and magnitude of human pregnancy wastage are summarized with focus on some of the factors that may influence or increase it. Initial attention is directed to consideration of what is known regarding the single largest category of wastage--abortions occurring within the first 12-14 weeks. Cytogenetically, some 61% of these would be abnormal in chromosomal count; structural genetic defects would account for but 3.8% of the observable cases. Of the numerical defects, about 15% would be representative of monosomy, 52% of trisomy, and 20% of triploidy. If the use of endocrine measurements are applied during this time frame, somewhat less than 75% of women who will abort have circulating human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels 1 standard deviation below the normal mean. Possibly the least understood and, consequently, the most underestimated element in pregnancy loss is the contribution of the male partner. During the some 75 days necessary for development and maturation of the human spermatozoa occur numerous steps, some of which are more susceptible than others to fertility-affecting alteration. Among the array of possibilities, genetic defects resulting from either congenital or biologic factors must be considered as a primary grouping. Epididymal transit, with its accompanying maturation of the sperm cell, represents the next major element susceptible to fertility-affecting change. In the female, disruption of the proper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis would contribute to increasing the percentages of reproductive loss. The result of gamete aging would also be an increase in early embryonic and fetal loss.