Carotenoid accumulation and function in seeds and non-green tissues
Carotenoid accumulation and function in seeds and non-green tissues
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01492.x
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Pogson, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howitt, CA;Pogson, BJ
类胡萝卜素是植物色素，具有抗氧化剂、激素前体、着色剂和光合作用器官的基本成分的功能。类胡萝卜素不仅在叶绿体中，而且在几乎所有类型的质体中都有积累，因此在大多数植物器官和组织中都有发现，尽管在某些组织中只有微量含量。本文综述了目前对非绿色质体类胡萝卜素含量的了解，并讨论了它们在根、果实、花、块茎和种子中的生物合成调控。重点是粮食作物，因为类胡萝卜素是人类饮食的重要组成部分，主要是因为一些是维生素a的前体。许多主食（如谷物）的类胡萝卜素含量低，会加剧饮食不足。世界卫生组织估计，每年有超过1亿儿童缺乏维生素a，其中多达50万儿童失明。其中许多儿童在失明后的12个月内死亡。因此，了解粮食作物，特别是块茎和谷物中类胡萝卜素积累的调节，应该有助于提高营养价值，并具有潜在的重大健康益处。
Carotenoids are plant pigments that function as antioxidants, hormone precursors, colourants and essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Carotenoids accumulate in nearly all types of plastids, not just the chloroplast, and are thus found in most plant organs and tissues, albeit at trace levels in some tissues. In this review we summarise the current knowledge of the carotenoid content of non-green plastids and discuss what is known about the regulation of their biosynthesis in roots, fruits, flowers, tubers and seeds. The emphasis is on food crops as carotenoids are essential components of human diets, primarily as some are precursors of vitamin A. The low carotenoid content of many staple foods, such as cereals, can exacerbate dietary deficiencies. The World Health Organisation has estimated that more than 100 million children are vitamin A-deficient and up to 500,000 of these children become blind each year. Many of these children die within 12 months of going blind. Thus, understanding the regulation of carotenoid accumulation in food crops, especially tubers and cereals, should facilitate improvements to nutritional value with potentially significant health benefits.