Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Yangtze River basin: Spatial pattern and source attribution
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Yangtze River basin: Spatial pattern and source attribution
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长江流域大气氮沉降：空间格局与来源归因
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.086
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Cheng Miaomiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Wen;Zhao Yuanhong;Liu Xuejun;Dore Anthony J.;Zhang Lin;Liu Lei;Cheng Miaomiao
长江流域是世界上氮沉降的热点地区之一，在中国河流氮输出中可能起着重要作用。在这里，我们根据2000年至2014年100个观测点的已发表数据构建了一个流域尺度的总溶解无机氮（DIN）沉积（散装加干）模式，并使用GEOS-Chem模型评估了不同活性氮（Nr）排放部门对总DIN沉积的相对贡献。我们的研究结果表明，整个长江流域的DIN沉积总量存在显著的空间变化（平均为33.2 kg N ha− 1 yr − 1），最高通量主要发生在中央流域（例如，四川省、湖北省、湖南省和重庆市）。这表明，控制氮沉降应因地制宜地采取减缓策略，即在氮沉降热点地区实施更严格的氮排放控制，而在氮沉降水平较低的地区实施适度控制。总DIN沉积在约82%的流域面积超过了半自然生态系统的氮沉积的临界负荷沿着盆地。在流域尺度上，DIN沉积的主要来源是化肥使用（40%），相对于畜牧业（11%），工业（13%），发电厂（9%），运输（9%）和其他（18%，这是人类废物、居住活动、土壤、照明和生物质燃烧的贡献之和），这表明减少不适当施肥（包括化学肥料和有机肥料）造成的NH3排放应是抑制氮沉降的优先事项。这一点，加上不同的空间变化，排放部门的贡献，总DIN沉积也表明，除了化肥，主要排放部门在不同地区的盆地时，应考虑制定协同控制措施。
The Yangtze River basin is one of the world's hotspots for nitrogen (N) deposition and likely plays an important role in China's riverine N output. Here we constructed a basin-scale total dissolved inorganic N (DIN) deposition (bulk plus dry) pattern based on published data at 100 observational sites between 2000 and 2014, and assessed the relative contributions of different reactive N (Nr) emission sectors to total DIN deposition using the GEOS-Chem model. Our results show a significant spatial variation in total DIN deposition across the Yangtze River basin (33.2 kg N ha−1yr−1on average), with the highest fluxes occurring mainly in the central basin (e.g., Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces, and Chongqing municipality). This indicates that controlling N deposition should build on mitigation strategies according to local conditions, namely, implementation of stricter control of Nremissions in N deposition hotspots but moderate control in the areas with low N deposition levels. Total DIN deposition in approximately 82% of the basin area exceeded the critical load of N deposition for semi-natural ecosystems along the basin. On the basin scale, the dominant source of DIN deposition is fertilizer use (40%) relative to livestock (11%), industry (13%), power plant (9%), transportation (9%), and others (18%, which is the sum of contributions from human waste, residential activities, soil, lighting and biomass burning), suggesting that reducing NH3emissions from improper fertilizer (including chemical and organic fertilizer) application should be a priority in curbing N deposition. This, together with distinct spatial variations in emission sector contributions to total DIN deposition also suggest that, in addition to fertilizer, major emission sectors in different regions of the basin should be considered when developing synergistic control measures.