Female-biased mortality of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on the wintering grounds
Female-biased mortality of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on the wintering grounds
复制标题
越冬地麦哲伦企鹅（Spheniscus magellanicus）的雌性死亡率
DOI：
10.1071/mu12060
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Catão
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Vanstreels;A. C. Adornes;P. Canabarro;V. Ruoppolo;M. Amaku;Rodolfo Pinho da Silva;J. Catão
摘要 麦哲伦企鹅 (Spheniscus magellanicus) 每年冬天都会从繁殖地迁徙数千公里。尽管这种季节性运动具有重要意义，但其生态学方面和对保护生物学的影响仍然是个谜。我们检查了 2002 年至 2009 年间在巴西南部越冬地的 528 只在海滩上（被发现死在岸上）或搁浅（在岸上发现活着）麦哲伦企鹅的性别。我们发现的证据表明：(a) 在海滩上企鹅中，雌性的数量明显多于雄性； (b) 对于未涂油的搁浅企鹅，性别比例明显偏向雌性，而涂油企鹅的性别比例则均匀； (c) 在滞留企鹅中，雌性企鹅康复后的存活率低于雄性企鹅； (d) 对于男女来说，康复后幸存的幼年企鹅在入院时的体重比死亡的企鹅更大。我们的研究结果表明，幼年和成年雌性在迁徙过程中的死亡率可能会增加，并强调性可能在该物种的运动生态和保护中发挥重要作用。因此，保护工作可能会受益于纳入基于性别的策略，以确保有偏见的性别死亡率不会对该物种产生负面影响，并鼓励研究人员将性别视为该企鹅和其他企鹅物种的生态研究和保护工作的关键组成部分。
Abstract Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) migrate thousands of kilometres from their breeding colonies every winter. Despite the significance of this seasonal movement, aspects of its ecology and implications for conservation biology remain enigmatic. We examined the sex of 528 Magellanic Penguins either beachcast (found dead ashore) or stranded (found alive ashore) in wintering grounds of southern Brazil from 2002 to 2009. We found evidence that: (a) among beachcast Penguins, females significantly outnumbered males; (b) for stranded Penguins that had not been oiled, the sex-ratio was significantly female-biased, whereas among oiled Penguins the sex-ratio was even; (c) among stranded Penguins, females had a lower rate of survival through rehabilitation than males; and (d) for both sexes, juvenile Penguins surviving rehabilitation had greater body mass upon admission than those that died. Our findings suggest an increased mortality of juvenile and adult females might occur during migration, and emphasise that sex may play a significant role in the movement ecology and conservation of this species. Conservation efforts might thus benefit from incorporating sex-based strategies to ensure that biased sex mortality does not have a negative effect on the species, and researchers are encouraged to consider sex as a key component in the ecological research and conservation efforts of this, and other, species of penguin.