Impacts of quantum dots in molecular detection and bioimaging of cancer.
Impacts of quantum dots in molecular detection and bioimaging of cancer.
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DOI：
10.15171/bi.2014.008
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Omidi Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mashinchian O;Johari-Ahar M;Ghaemi B;Rashidi M;Barar J;Omidi Y
到目前为止，许多检测方法已被用于检测各种恶性肿瘤中的癌症生物标志物。然而，癌症生物标志物的表达似乎极低，因此准确检测需要灵敏的光学成像探针。由于光漂白问题，使用传统荧光团的光学检测经常失败，而量子点（QDs）在体外和体内提供稳定的光学成像。方法：本文就量子点在生物学中的作用及其在恶性肿瘤生物成像中的应用作一综述。我们也会描述癌症早期发现的现有障碍，以及在诊断设备的进步中，量子点的使用越来越多。结果：与具有固有细胞毒性的II-VI型量子点（如镉（Cd），硒（Se）或碲（Te））不同，I-III-VI 2型量子点（如AgInS2， CuInS2, ZnS-AgInS2）似乎是毒性较低的生物显像剂，具有更好的带隙能量控制。作为高灵敏度的生物成像探针，先进的杂交量子点（例如，QD-QD，荧光色- qd偶联物，用于通过荧光共振能量转移（FRET），淬火和条形码技术进行传感）也被用于检测生物标志物和监测药物/基因向靶点的输送。抗体-QD （Ab-QD）和适体-QD （Ap-QD）生物偶联物一旦靶向相关生物标志物，就能在靶位点提供高度稳定的光致发光（PL）。除了作为纳米生物传感器的潜力之外，量子点与自归装置的生物偶联物已经成功地用于开发智能纳米系统（NSs），提供靶向生物成像和光动力治疗（PDT）。结论：量子点具有丰富的光子特性，可用于开发无缝的多功能纳米药物、治疗学和纳米生物传感器。
Introduction: A number of assays have so far been exploited for detection of cancer biomarkers in various malignancies. However, the expression of cancer biomarker(s) appears to be extremely low, therefore accurate detection demands sensitive optical imaging probes. While optical detection using conventional fluorophores often fail due to photobleaching problems, quantum dots (QDs) offer stable optical imaging in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In this review, we briefly overview the impacts of QDs in biology and its applications in bioimaging of malignancies. We will also delineate the existing obstacles for early detection of cancer and the intensifying use of QDs in advancement of diagnostic devices. Results: Of the QDs, unlike the II-VI type QDs (e.g., cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te)) that possess inherent cytotoxicity, the I-III-VI 2 type QDs (e.g., AgInS2, CuInS2, ZnS-AgInS2) appear to be less toxic bioimaging agents with better control of band-gap energies. As highly-sensitive bioimaging probes, advanced hybrid QDs (e.g., QD-QD, fluorochrome-QD conjugates used for sensing through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), quenching, and barcoding techniques) have also been harnessed for the detection of biomarkers and the monitoring of delivery of drugs/genes to the target sites. Antibody-QD (Ab-QD) and aptamer- QD (Ap-QD) bioconjugates, once target the relevant biomarker, can provide highly stable photoluminescence (PL) at the target sites. In addition to their potential as nanobiosensors, the bioconjugates of QDs with homing devices have successfully been used for the development of smart nanosystems (NSs) providing targeted bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Conclusion: Having possessed great deal of photonic characteristics, QDs can be used for development of seamless multifunctional nanomedicines, theranostics and nanobiosensors.