Ostwald Ripening: A Synthetic Approach for Hollow Nanomaterials
Ostwald Ripening: A Synthetic Approach for Hollow Nanomaterials
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DOI：
10.2174/157341307780619279
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发表时间：
2007-05
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
H. Zeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Zeng
具有中空内部的纳米材料的制造是纳米研究的一个重要研究领域，因为它们在光子器件、药物输送、材料封装、离子嵌入、表面功能化、纳米催化剂、膜纳米反应器和许多其他技术中具有潜在的应用。这类新型材料的常见制备方法可大致分为硬模板辅助合成和软模板辅助合成。此外，近年来，人们对这些材料的无模板技术的兴趣也有所增加，因为与模板辅助工艺相比，这些技术涉及的新工艺相对简单且要求较低。在这篇简短的评论中，我们将介绍一种众所周知的晶体生长物理现象——奥斯特瓦尔德熟化——在中空纳米材料制造中的应用。已经证明，纳米结构内部空间的形成取决于合成过程中初级微晶的聚集状态。随着这一新的发展，许多具有内部空间的无机纳米材料现在可以在溶液介质中与材料合成一起制造。我们对这种合成方法中观察到的不同类型的奥斯特瓦尔德成熟进行了综述。特别是，已经讨论了用这些方法制备的各种几何结构和配置。所制备的中空材料还可以在类似的工艺条件下进行进一步的成分和结构修饰。还讨论了该研究领域的未来方向。
Fabrication of nanomaterials with hollow interiors is an important research area in nanoresearch, owing to their potential applications in photonic devices, drug delivery, material encapsulation, ionic intercalation, surface functionalization, nanocatalysts, membrane nanoreactors, and many other technologies. The common preparative methods for this new class of materials can be broadly divided into hard and soft template-assisted syntheses. In recent years, furthermore, the interest in template-free techniques for these materials has also increased, as the new processes involved in these techniques are relatively simple and less demanding, compared to the template-assisted processes. In this short review, we will introduce the application of a well-known physical phenomenon of crystal growth – Ostwald ripening – in the fabrication of hollow nanomaterials. It has been demonstrated that formation of the interior spaces of nanostructures depends on the aggregative states of the primary crystallites during the synthesis. With this new development, many inorganic nanomaterials with interior spaces can now be fabricated in solution media together with the materials synthesis. Different types of Ostwald ripening observed in this synthetic approach have been reviewed. In particular, various geometric structures and configurations prepared with these methods have been discussed. The prepared hollow materials also allow further compositional and structural modifications under the similar process conditions. Future directions in this research area are also discussed.